目的：探讨高胆固醇血症胆管Ｏｄｄｉ括约肌功能改变特征及病理组织基础。方法：纯种新西兰兔２４只，随机分为３组，喂饲胆固醇饲料制作高胆固醇血症模型。采用胆管造影，单腔管测压，一氧化氮合酶定量分析等方法，研究胆管Ｏｄｄｉ括约肌影像、功能及病理组织学的特征。结果：高胆固醇血症胆管Ｏｄｄｉ括约肌近侧低压段基础压力实验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组（２０．９±６．１）ｍｍＨｇ，（２５．６±９．１）ｍｍＨｇ显著高于对照组（１１．７±２．８）ｍｍＨｇ，（Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０１），远端高压“阀门”段的基础压力实验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（１３８．４±４５．５）ｍｍＨｇ，（１４４．５±４０．４）ｍｍＨｇ与对照组（６９．３±９．８）ｍｍＨｇ比较，差异非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０１）。胆囊容积增大，实验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（３．４±１．０）ｍＬ（３．９±１．９）ｍＬ明显大于对照组（２．０±１．９）ｍＬ（ Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１）。一氧化氮合酶定量分析各组间无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。实验组胆管Ｏｄｄｉ括约肌细胞体积增大，细胞膜扭曲呈波浪状。细肌丝疏松，排列紊乱，密体分布不均，形态大小不一致，长轴与细肌丝纵轴成角。线粒体肿胀，嵴消失，聚集於细胞核一端。染色质浓集於细胞 Objective: To investigate the changes of sphincter of Oddi sphincter in hypercholesterolemia and its pathological basis. Methods: Totally 24 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups and fed with cholesterol diet to make hypercholesterolemia model. Using cholangiography, single-lumen tube manometry, nitric oxide synthase quantitative analysis methods to study the characteristics of sphincter of Oddi sphincter, function and histopathology. Results: The basic pressure test of proximal hypobaric segment of Oddi sphincter in hypercholesterolemia group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (20.9 ± 6.1) mmHg, (25.6 ± 9.1) mmHg was significantly higher than that of control group (11. 7 ± 2.8 mmHg, P <0.01, P <0.01). The basal pressure in the “high pressure” valve segment of experimental group Ⅰ, Ⅱ (138.4 ± 45.5) mmHg, (144 .5 ± 40.4) mmHg compared with the control group (69.3 ± 9.8) mmHg, the difference was significant (P <0.01, P <0.01). The volume of the gallbladder increased. In group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (3.4 ± 1.0) mL (3.9 ± 1.9) mL, the volume of gallbladder was significantly higher than that of the control group (2.0 ± 1.9) mL , P <0.01). Quantitative analysis of nitric oxide synthase no significant difference between the groups (P> 0.05). In the experimental group, the volume of Oddi sphincteric cells in the bile duct increased, and the distorted cell membrane was wavy. Thin filaments loose, arranged in disorder, uneven distribution of dense, inconsistent form size, the long axis and the long axis of thin filaments angulation. Mitochondria are swollen and cristae disappear, gathering at one end of the nucleus. Chromatin is concentrated in cells