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一堂课如果导入得当,就能直接吸引学生,引起学生的注意,从而使其产生良好的学习动机,极大地调动学生学习的积极性,使课堂气氛变得轻松活泼,课堂活动顺利进行,提高课堂效率。
一、 设疑置悬,导入新课
“学贵有疑”,疑是积极思维和探索问题的动力。设疑能激发学生的学习兴趣,进而开发学生的想象力和创造力。”一个有经验的教师常常善于在教学之始设疑布阵,引导学生去猜测,去预估,去联想,去拓展,将学生的注意力集中到将要学习的内容中去。
例如,教师在听力活动前,先向学生介绍所要听的材料的背景,然后设置悬念,激发学生学习的好奇心及求知欲。如教授人教版必修模块(二)第五单元的听力时,可作如下导入:
T:Have a look at this picture (show a picture of a frog).Do you know what it is?
S:It’s a frog.
T:Right. But he is not a common frog. His name is Freddy. He has a special quality. Can you guess what special quality Freddy has?
(Allow the students to express their own ideas and prediction freely.)
T:When Freddy was young. He was a little tad pole. As time went by quickly,he soon became a frog. One day,Freddy sat on the water lily leaf and slid his long,thin legs into the water. Suddenly,he heard some music across the lake. Then what would happen?
(Allow the students to express their own ideas and prediction freely.)
T:You may have many difficult ideas about what happened to Freddy. Now let’s listen to the story about Freddy and see what Freddy found when he swam slowly towards the sound.
在接下来的部分是阅读更多关于Freddy的生活,所以在听力之后,可继续以设疑置悬的方式导入。
T:So do you think Freddy and the other frogs were going to form a band?Now let me tell you that they formed a band and soon became famous and then they went to Britain to give performances. Then what would happen in Britain?Would they succeed or fail?
这种悬念诱导的方法,吸引学生自觉地走进课堂,使他们一开始就成为探求问题答案的主动者,掌握学习的主动权。但教师提问时,要注意提问的广泛性。使每个学生都有答题的机会,而不能只针对几位成绩好的学生,这样无疑会挫伤其他学生的积极性,使他们将自己排除在课堂之外。
二、 创设情景,激发兴趣
语言的运用离不开语言环境,语言教学则需要设置一定的情景。而中学生爱说好动,对语言反应灵敏,模仿能力强,学习语言的积极性高,但思想不易集中。如果教师在导入阶段,创造一个饶有趣味、与学生生活密切联系的比较真实的活动情节,则有助于学生积极参与教学活动,激发学生的学习兴趣。如在教授对话课Computers时,教师可用下面一段话作为开场白:
Though most teachers in our school are not rich,they have decided to buy computers,became the computers are very important in our daily life. I’ve collected much information about three kinds of computers and I have also found out their prices. But I can’t decide which one to buy. Would you please give me some advice?
然后,教师可板书三种电脑品牌,让学生用I think,In my opinion,I believe等来表达自己的观点,教师在对学生的意见做出反应的同时,呈现I think so,I don’t think so,I don’t agree等语言点。
巧妙的情景能激发兴趣,诱发思维,情景导入法运用得恰当,使教学活动形象直观,使学生意识不到是在上课,在不知不觉中获得知识,在潜移默化中受到教育。
三、 看图提示,再现情境
新编高中英语教材图文并茂,几乎每一篇阅读课文均配有与该材料有密切联系的插图,有的是为了提示教材难点,有的是为了印证教材观点,有的是为了教材重点服务。通过对此图的描述、问答和教师言简意赅、提纲挈领的导语,引入本课的话题,使学生适度了解话题的内容,易激发学生内在的学生动力,使课堂气氛活跃,并使其产生阅读课文以了解信息的愿望,为以下教学铺平道路。这种方法多用于高中一、二年级故事题材课文的教学。展示图片的提问的方式要根据新课内容和教师的意图而定,由浅入深,突出重点。如必修模块(二)第二单元的阅读文章The Story of Atlanta,可利用教学挂图或教材中的图片作如下导入: T:Look at the first picture. What can you see in it?
S:Two people.
T:Who is the man?
S:He is the king.
T:What about the girl?
S:She is her daughter.
T:Yes,she is a princess. She is named Atlanta and they are talking about her marriage. Now let’s look at the second picture. This time what can we see here?
S:We can see a young man and a fairy.
T:Good. The man is named Hippomenes and the fairy is the Goddess of Love. We can see the Goddess of Love is giving something to Hippomenes. What is she giving to him?
S:Some apples.
T:Right. In fact she is giving Hippomenes some golden apples. What does golden mean?
S:金的;金色的
T: Good. But why does the Goddess give Hippomenes some golden apples?What are they used for?
(Allow the students to express their own ideas and prediction freely.)
T: OK,let’s find out the right answer in the passage.
从上述师生的对话中,教师不仅引导了学生运用已学过的英语知识,而且师生间的对话起到了复习巩固和交际运用的作用,并恰到好处地与新内容联系起来,激发了学生对新知识的好奇与渴求。在对话中自然呈现新单词Atlanta,princess,marriage,Hippomenes. Goddess,golden,有助于学生较准确地理解课文。
四、 多媒体计算机辅助教学导入新课,情景交融
多媒体计算机辅助教学,多媒体计算机作为一种集视听于一体的高效信息传播工具,其信息传递功能强大,是任何一种教学工具都无法比拟的。尢其是针对高中英语课堂教学容量大,操练密度集中,引入多媒体计算机辅助教学,使“五个一工程”(一支粉笔、一块黑板、一张嘴、一本书和一台录音机)控制一堂英语的传统教学模式如虎添翼,因而,教师在导入新课时可以有选择地使用多媒体技术,借助声音、颜色和动感画面增强教学的趣味性和吸引力。如必修模块(二)Unit2 The Olympic Games,屏幕上出现2004年雅典奥运会比赛的画面,并同时播放学生所熟悉的令人振奋的、激动人心雅典奥运会主题曲:“Pass the Flame”。此时,单元标题“The Olympic Games”飞入画面。接着,鼠标指向图片的奥运会会旗,并向学生提问:1.There’re five colorful rings joined together in the Olympic flag. What do they stand for? 2. What do the Olympic rings joined together mean? 学生讨论并回答,然后按鼠标出现正确的答案。这样,边投影边启发,让学生的视觉、听觉和动觉器官都积极参与学习活动,使学生置于情景交融的环境之中。学生带着问题观看课件精彩画面以及动人的音乐,使学生在不知不觉中完成思维过程,找到答案。当学生学习的主动性调动起来后,他们就会产生强烈的求知欲,就能端正学习态度,与教师“共频共振”深入理解教师讲授内容,甚至会跳出课文的局限,通过各种渠道去获得新知识,从而将“被动学”变为“主动学”。
教学有法,教无定法,贵在得法。导入的方法和形式多种多样,但没有固定的模式。各种导入方法异曲同工,在具体运用时常常是单独使用和相互交叉渗透相结合。因而,施之教法,贵在启导。“导入”将点燃学生的求知欲望,变“要我学”为“我要学”。“导入”可以以旧带新、以易带难、以熟带生,达到融会贯通、动静结合、循环往返的效果,使教学具有新鲜感、启发性的衔接性。这就要求教者熟悉教材,了解教材前后知识的内在联系,并以热情、简洁、富有吸引力的语言把学生导入学习的乐园。
(作者单位:四川省南充龙门中学637130)
一、 设疑置悬,导入新课
“学贵有疑”,疑是积极思维和探索问题的动力。设疑能激发学生的学习兴趣,进而开发学生的想象力和创造力。”一个有经验的教师常常善于在教学之始设疑布阵,引导学生去猜测,去预估,去联想,去拓展,将学生的注意力集中到将要学习的内容中去。
例如,教师在听力活动前,先向学生介绍所要听的材料的背景,然后设置悬念,激发学生学习的好奇心及求知欲。如教授人教版必修模块(二)第五单元的听力时,可作如下导入:
T:Have a look at this picture (show a picture of a frog).Do you know what it is?
S:It’s a frog.
T:Right. But he is not a common frog. His name is Freddy. He has a special quality. Can you guess what special quality Freddy has?
(Allow the students to express their own ideas and prediction freely.)
T:When Freddy was young. He was a little tad pole. As time went by quickly,he soon became a frog. One day,Freddy sat on the water lily leaf and slid his long,thin legs into the water. Suddenly,he heard some music across the lake. Then what would happen?
(Allow the students to express their own ideas and prediction freely.)
T:You may have many difficult ideas about what happened to Freddy. Now let’s listen to the story about Freddy and see what Freddy found when he swam slowly towards the sound.
在接下来的部分是阅读更多关于Freddy的生活,所以在听力之后,可继续以设疑置悬的方式导入。
T:So do you think Freddy and the other frogs were going to form a band?Now let me tell you that they formed a band and soon became famous and then they went to Britain to give performances. Then what would happen in Britain?Would they succeed or fail?
这种悬念诱导的方法,吸引学生自觉地走进课堂,使他们一开始就成为探求问题答案的主动者,掌握学习的主动权。但教师提问时,要注意提问的广泛性。使每个学生都有答题的机会,而不能只针对几位成绩好的学生,这样无疑会挫伤其他学生的积极性,使他们将自己排除在课堂之外。
二、 创设情景,激发兴趣
语言的运用离不开语言环境,语言教学则需要设置一定的情景。而中学生爱说好动,对语言反应灵敏,模仿能力强,学习语言的积极性高,但思想不易集中。如果教师在导入阶段,创造一个饶有趣味、与学生生活密切联系的比较真实的活动情节,则有助于学生积极参与教学活动,激发学生的学习兴趣。如在教授对话课Computers时,教师可用下面一段话作为开场白:
Though most teachers in our school are not rich,they have decided to buy computers,became the computers are very important in our daily life. I’ve collected much information about three kinds of computers and I have also found out their prices. But I can’t decide which one to buy. Would you please give me some advice?
然后,教师可板书三种电脑品牌,让学生用I think,In my opinion,I believe等来表达自己的观点,教师在对学生的意见做出反应的同时,呈现I think so,I don’t think so,I don’t agree等语言点。
巧妙的情景能激发兴趣,诱发思维,情景导入法运用得恰当,使教学活动形象直观,使学生意识不到是在上课,在不知不觉中获得知识,在潜移默化中受到教育。
三、 看图提示,再现情境
新编高中英语教材图文并茂,几乎每一篇阅读课文均配有与该材料有密切联系的插图,有的是为了提示教材难点,有的是为了印证教材观点,有的是为了教材重点服务。通过对此图的描述、问答和教师言简意赅、提纲挈领的导语,引入本课的话题,使学生适度了解话题的内容,易激发学生内在的学生动力,使课堂气氛活跃,并使其产生阅读课文以了解信息的愿望,为以下教学铺平道路。这种方法多用于高中一、二年级故事题材课文的教学。展示图片的提问的方式要根据新课内容和教师的意图而定,由浅入深,突出重点。如必修模块(二)第二单元的阅读文章The Story of Atlanta,可利用教学挂图或教材中的图片作如下导入: T:Look at the first picture. What can you see in it?
S:Two people.
T:Who is the man?
S:He is the king.
T:What about the girl?
S:She is her daughter.
T:Yes,she is a princess. She is named Atlanta and they are talking about her marriage. Now let’s look at the second picture. This time what can we see here?
S:We can see a young man and a fairy.
T:Good. The man is named Hippomenes and the fairy is the Goddess of Love. We can see the Goddess of Love is giving something to Hippomenes. What is she giving to him?
S:Some apples.
T:Right. In fact she is giving Hippomenes some golden apples. What does golden mean?
S:金的;金色的
T: Good. But why does the Goddess give Hippomenes some golden apples?What are they used for?
(Allow the students to express their own ideas and prediction freely.)
T: OK,let’s find out the right answer in the passage.
从上述师生的对话中,教师不仅引导了学生运用已学过的英语知识,而且师生间的对话起到了复习巩固和交际运用的作用,并恰到好处地与新内容联系起来,激发了学生对新知识的好奇与渴求。在对话中自然呈现新单词Atlanta,princess,marriage,Hippomenes. Goddess,golden,有助于学生较准确地理解课文。
四、 多媒体计算机辅助教学导入新课,情景交融
多媒体计算机辅助教学,多媒体计算机作为一种集视听于一体的高效信息传播工具,其信息传递功能强大,是任何一种教学工具都无法比拟的。尢其是针对高中英语课堂教学容量大,操练密度集中,引入多媒体计算机辅助教学,使“五个一工程”(一支粉笔、一块黑板、一张嘴、一本书和一台录音机)控制一堂英语的传统教学模式如虎添翼,因而,教师在导入新课时可以有选择地使用多媒体技术,借助声音、颜色和动感画面增强教学的趣味性和吸引力。如必修模块(二)Unit2 The Olympic Games,屏幕上出现2004年雅典奥运会比赛的画面,并同时播放学生所熟悉的令人振奋的、激动人心雅典奥运会主题曲:“Pass the Flame”。此时,单元标题“The Olympic Games”飞入画面。接着,鼠标指向图片的奥运会会旗,并向学生提问:1.There’re five colorful rings joined together in the Olympic flag. What do they stand for? 2. What do the Olympic rings joined together mean? 学生讨论并回答,然后按鼠标出现正确的答案。这样,边投影边启发,让学生的视觉、听觉和动觉器官都积极参与学习活动,使学生置于情景交融的环境之中。学生带着问题观看课件精彩画面以及动人的音乐,使学生在不知不觉中完成思维过程,找到答案。当学生学习的主动性调动起来后,他们就会产生强烈的求知欲,就能端正学习态度,与教师“共频共振”深入理解教师讲授内容,甚至会跳出课文的局限,通过各种渠道去获得新知识,从而将“被动学”变为“主动学”。
教学有法,教无定法,贵在得法。导入的方法和形式多种多样,但没有固定的模式。各种导入方法异曲同工,在具体运用时常常是单独使用和相互交叉渗透相结合。因而,施之教法,贵在启导。“导入”将点燃学生的求知欲望,变“要我学”为“我要学”。“导入”可以以旧带新、以易带难、以熟带生,达到融会贯通、动静结合、循环往返的效果,使教学具有新鲜感、启发性的衔接性。这就要求教者熟悉教材,了解教材前后知识的内在联系,并以热情、简洁、富有吸引力的语言把学生导入学习的乐园。
(作者单位:四川省南充龙门中学637130)