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在机械制造中,许多问题由于其复杂性,使我们不能全凭理论来解决。有的虽可解决,但麻烦异常,且结果离实际很远,因此研究问题时必须既从理论又从实验着手。一般实验都是在较经济的模型上及在较快的时间内进行,例如对床身刚度的试验,采用实物则又困难又不经济。又如决定某轴持久极限的耐疲试验时,若采用实际转速及负荷,则常需极长时间。因之怎样才能使实验中所得的结果,用到另一种同类实际现象上去,即模型与实物应满足何种要求,就成为实验前必须解决的问题。只有这样才能正确地组织和分析实验结果。
In mechanical manufacturing, many problems can not be solved theoretically because of their complexity. Although some can be solved, but the troubles are abnormal and the result is far away from reality, the problem must be studied both theoretically and experimentally. General experiments are carried out on more economical models and in a relatively quick period of time, for example, tests on the stiffness of the bed, which are difficult and uneconomical to use. Another example is the determination of a shaft endurance limit fatigue test, if the actual speed and load, it often takes an extremely long time. How can we make the results obtained in experiments to another kind of actual phenomenon, that is, the model and the physical should meet the requirements, it has become the problem that must be solved before the experiment. Only in this way can the correct organization and analysis of experimental results.