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泌尿科领域与感染的关系极为密切,尿和其它体液不同,因尿液中含有适量盐类及有机物质,几乎缺乏吞噬细胞和补体的抗感染机制。尿路感染患者90％以上为革兰氏阴性杆菌,其中大肠杆菌占80％,常因尿流梗阻、长期化疗、留置导尿管,合并变形杆菌,绿脓杆菌及粘质沙雷氏菌等而引起顽固性尿路感染,致耐药菌增加,给治疗带来困难。近些年来,抗生素的发展,达到了惊人的程度,日本,欧美已进入β-内酰胺药物时代,其次为氨基甙类。本文就有关泌尿系感染的药物简介如下:
The urology field has a very close relationship with infections. Unlike urine and other body fluids, urine contains moderate amounts of salts and organic substances, and almost lacks anti-infection mechanisms for phagocytic cells and complement. More than 90% of urinary tract infection patients are gram-negative bacilli, of which E. coli accounts for 80%, often due to urinary obstruction, long-term chemotherapy, indwelling catheter, combined Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Serratia marcescens Incurable urinary tract infections, resulting in increased drug-resistant bacteria, make treatment difficult. In recent years, the development of antibiotics has reached an alarming level. Japan, Europe and the United States have entered the era of beta-lactam drugs, followed by aminoglycosides. This article describes the drugs related to urinary tract infections as follows: