目的：对脑室－腹腔分流术治疗小儿脑积水进行评价。方法：本组２１０例脑先天性畸形、炎症性及肿瘤性所致的脑积水，均采用脑室－腹腔分流术，分流管以Ｐ．Ｓ．、９００３、Ｂ．Ｃ．Ｅ．三种为优。结果：４８例有并发症（２１．９０％），其中脑室端阻塞８例（３．８５％），腹腔端阻塞４例（１．９０％），脑室无扩大亦无缩小者８例（３．８５％），分流管退出腹腔６例（２．８５％），并发细菌性感染６例（２．８５％），硬膜下血肿６例（２．８５％），鞘膜积水５例（２．３８％），分流管进入阴囊２例（０．９５％），脑肿瘤细胞循分流管进入腹腔而种植于右下腹２例（０．９５％），腹腔内囊肿形成１例（０．４７％）；２例因感染死亡，病死率０．９５％。结论：脑室－腹腔分流术是治疗小儿交通性脑积水及阻塞性脑积水迄今为止最优的方法，但必须严格选择病例，术前脑室测压实属必要。术后脑积水获得纠正后，小儿基本上可以获得正常生活能力 Objective: To evaluate the effect of intraventricular-peritoneal shunt on pediatric hydrocephalus. Methods: The group of 210 cases of congenital malformations, inflammatory and neoplastic hydrocephalus, are used ventricle - peritoneal shunt, shunt to P. S. , 9003, B. C. E. Three kinds of excellent. Results: Complications were found in 48 cases (21.90%), including 8 cases (3.85%) of ventricular end obstruction, 4 cases (1.90%) of abdominal obstruction, 8 cases .85%), 6 cases (2.85%) of the shunt exited the abdominal cavity, 6 cases (2.85%) of concurrent bacterial infections, 6 cases (2.85%) of subdural hematoma, 5 cases of hydrocele (2.38%), shunt into the scrotum in 2 cases (0.95%), brain tumor cells shunt into the abdominal cavity and planted in the right lower quadrant in 2 cases (0.95%), intraperitoneal cyst in 1 case (0 .47%); 2 died of infection, the case fatality rate was 0.95%. CONCLUSION: Ventricle-peritoneal shunt is the best method to treat pediatric traffic hydrocephalus and obstructive hydrocephalus so far. However, it is necessary to select the patients strictly. Preoperative ventricular pressure measurement is necessary. After correction of hydrocephalus after surgery, children can basically get the normal ability to live