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针对高超声速飞行器面临的热防护问题,提出了一种布雷顿循环热电转化技术,结合高超声速飞行器的飞行工况,进行了热力学计算,初步得到热电转化的发电效率及发电机功率,并讨论了飞行马赫数、关键部件效率、压比和循环工质对系统性能(发电效率和输出功率)的影响。结果表明,气动热的利用使高超声速飞行器的热电转化成为可能;同时提高关键部件效率,如换热器效率、旋转部件效率可提高发电效率和发电机功率,由于它们之间存在耦合关系,在系统方案设计时需要综合考虑;分析也表明,选择适当的工质可以提高热电转化的发电效率及发电机功率。
Aiming at the thermal protection of hypersonic vehicles, a Brayton cycle thermoelectric conversion technology is proposed. Based on the flight conditions of the hypersonic vehicle, thermodynamic calculations are carried out, and the power generation efficiency and generator power of the thermoelectric conversion are obtained. Flight Mach number, critical component efficiency, pressure ratio and the effect of circulating working fluid on system performance (power generation efficiency and output power). The results show that the use of aerodynamic heat makes it possible to transform the thermoelectricity of hypersonic vehicle. At the same time, the efficiency of key components, such as the efficiency of heat exchanger, the efficiency of rotating components can increase the efficiency of power generation and the power of generators. Due to the coupling relationship between them, System design needs to be considered; analysis also shows that the choice of the appropriate working fluid can increase the power conversion efficiency of thermoelectric power and generator.