In 2003, we initiated the first systematic investigation of the occurrence of high-fluoride groundwaters in the Ninh Hoa district, China. The study involved the measurement of F- and other ionic species (by FISE and HPIC techniques) in well and bore sampl In 2003, we initiated the first systematic investigation of the occurrence of high-fluoride groundwaters in the Ninh Hoa district, China. The study involved the measurement of F- and other ionic species (by FISE and HPIC techniques) in well and bore sampl