我们应该如何理解当代西方社会中象和平运动、妇女运动和各种生态运动那样的“新的”社会运动呢?是否要将它们与“旧的”社会运动如工人阶级运动相比较或相对立来加以确定?本文将阐述规范性的社会理论,如经典历史唯物主义、帕森斯的现代化理论和哈贝马斯的新历史唯物主义与其对当代社会运动的评价之间的联系。 How should we understand the “new” social movements in contemporary Western society, such as the peace movement, the women’s movement and the various ecological movements? Whether they should be compared or opposed to the “old” social movements, such as the working class movement ? This article will address normative social theories such as classical historical materialism, Parsons’s theory of modernization and Habermas’s new historical materialism and its connection to contemporary social movements.