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本研究的目的是考察奖赏结构和结果效价对男女儿童归因风格的影响。被试为小学五年级学生 (n =74 ,男生 3 6人 ,女生 3 8人 ) ,实验通过解决一系列迷津测验来创设成功和失败情境。研究结果表明 ,能力、运气归因存在性别差异 ,在竞争奖赏结构条件下 ,女生对成就状况倾向于做运气归因 ,而男生倾向于做运气以外其他因素的归因 (如能力 ) ;在非竞争奖赏结构条件下 ,男生对成就状况倾向于做运气归因 ,而女生倾向于做运气以外其他因素的归因。此外 ,还发现了一些其他的显著效应。
The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of reward structure and outcome valence on attribution styles for boys and girls. The participants were fifth graders (n = 74, 36 males and 38 females). Experiments created success and failure scenarios by solving a series of maze tests. The results show that there are gender differences in attribution of ability and luck. Under the competitive reward structure, girls tend to attribution of luck to achievement, while boys tend to attribution of other factors (such as abilities) than luck; Under the competitive reward structure, boys tend to be lucky at achievement status, while girls tend to be attributed to factors other than luck. In addition, some other significant effects were found.