“目”、“翟”二姓作为“胡姓”的族属问题,在学术上一直未有定论。本文以吐鲁番出土文献为基础,通过语言学的比勘及出土文献与传世文献的综合分析,对此问题进行了深入考释,并得出结论认为:此两姓往往是粟特人,从敦煌到吐鲁番,都有他们的记载。相关记载表明,“目”、“翟”二姓从中亚进入华夏边地和内地,从事商贸、医药、工艺、翻译、农业、军事等工作,得到了包容、接纳和认可。他们是中古丝绸之路上多民族文化交流和融合的典型缩影。 “Head ”, “Zhai ” two surnames as “Hu Surname ” ethnic affiliation, in academia has not been conclusive. Based on the unearthed documents of Turfan, through a comprehensive analysis of the comparative survey of linguistics and the literature of unearthed and handed down documents, this article makes an in-depth examination of this issue and concludes that the two surnames are often Sogdian, from Dunhuang to Turpan, have their records. Relevant records show that the second surnames have entered the border areas of mainland China and the Mainland from Central Asia and are engaged in business, medicine, technology, translation, agriculture and military affairs and have been inclusive, accepted and endorsed. They are the epitome of multi-ethnic cultural exchange and integration on the Middle Silk Road.