当前我国正处于全面深化改革和国家治理现代化的关键时期,行政区划的作用日益凸显,2015年政区改革更注重系统性、整体性和协同性。通过政区格局优化为空间治理体系构建提供支撑,对接以主体功能区为基础的空间规划布局;通过政区联动优化为优化全球、区域、城市等不同尺度的经济治理结构提供支撑,国家边疆、省域边界和市域边界地区的变动已成重点,跨市域的政区优化成为新动向;通过政区体制优化来提升社会治理能力,破解“一市一区”体制问题;等等。文章以年度为截面展开的系统研究,不仅在于总结变动经验,预判今后趋势,防控可能风险,更在于揭示国家治理现代化与行政区划设置优化的复杂关联及其深刻逻辑,从而探索未来我国国家治理更富积极意义的战略图景。 At present, our country is in a critical period of deepening the reform and national governance modernization. The role of administrative divisions has become increasingly prominent. In 2015, the political reform in the regions focused more on systematicness, integrity and synergy. Through the optimization of the administrative district structure, it provides support for the construction of the spatial governance system and connects the spatial planning layout based on the main functional areas. It supports the optimization of the economic governance structures of different scales such as the global, regional and urban areas through linkage and optimization of the administrative regions, At the provincial and municipal boundaries, the changes in border areas of cities and provinces have become the focus of attention. The optimization of administrative areas across municipalities and districts has become a new trend. Through the optimization of political system and districts, we have been able to improve the ability of social governance and crack down on the “one city, one district and one district” system. The systematic study of the annual cross-section not only summarizes the experience of change, predicts the future trend, and prevents and controls possible risks, but also reveals the complicated relationship and its profound logic of optimizing the state-controlled modernization and administrative divisions and thus exploring the future of our country Governing a more positive strategic picture.