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胆酸是普遍存在于动物体内的天然双亲性分子,用于消化吸收食物中的油脂。由于其两面双亲性的结构特点,以胆酸为构筑基元所制备的各式各样的低聚物(分子篮、线形低聚物、环形低聚物)可以随着外界环境极性的变化形成亲水或疏水的纳米空腔,从而实现分子识别、重金属离子检测、跨膜运输等功能。本文主要综述了近几年来国内外研究人员合成的基于胆酸的低聚物及这些胆酸低聚物在作为主体分子方面的应用。
Cholic acid is a natural amphipathic molecule commonly found in animals and is used to digest and absorb the fats in foods. Due to its amphipathic structural features on both sides, all kinds of oligomers (molecular basket, linear oligomer, cyclic oligomer) prepared with cholic acid as a building block can be changed with the change of the polarity of the external environment The formation of hydrophilic or hydrophobic nano-cavity, in order to achieve molecular recognition, detection of heavy metal ions, transmembrane transport and other functions. This review summarizes the applications of cholic acid-based oligomers synthesized by researchers at home and abroad and these cholic acid oligomers as host molecules in recent years.