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支气管肺发育不良(bronchopulmonary dysplasia,BPD)是早产儿,尤其是极低出生体质量儿最常见的并发症,其主要临床特征为对氧的依赖。BPD与多种不良预后有关,包括死亡、脑瘫、认知功能障碍、生长发育障碍等,并且被认为是神经发育障碍的独立危险因素~([1])。虽然新型BPD的肺部病变严重程度明显下降,但在生后2年内,仍有多达50%的BPD患儿会因呼吸系统疾病再次入院。此外,与无BPD病史的早产儿比较,即便是没有并发疾病的BPD患儿,其在学龄期更易
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common complication of preterm infants, especially those of very low birth weight, and its main clinical feature is oxygen dependence. BPD is associated with a number of poor prognoses, including death, cerebral palsy, cognitive impairment, growth and development disorders, and is considered as an independent risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders (1). Although the severity of lung disease in newer BPD has dropped significantly, as many as 50% of children with BPD remain hospitalized for respiratory illnesses within 2 years of birth. In addition, compared with premature infants without a history of BPD, children with BPD who have no concurrent disease are more likely to be in school age