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尽管大家知道健康的生活方式可以带来诸多好处,但是由于现代生活方式使人们很容易久坐不动和暴饮暴食,很多人都觉得保持健康的生活方式是一件很难的事情。因此,我们可以预测到2型糖尿病的患病率在未来几年会显著增加。治疗手段的发展是否可抵消其对发病率及死亡率的影响?关于这方面的大量研究可被归为三大类:技术、生物和药理。技术手段专注于通过人工胰腺来输注胰岛素和胰高血糖素,这个系统的其中一部分已在使用中,这预示着这种手段可能在未来10年得到有效应用。至于生物手段,胰腺移植似乎不可能广泛应用,胰岛细胞移植也因为缺少合适的供体组织以及移植后的移植物生存率低而受到阻碍。然而,此领域已经有了很有意义的进展,而且其他研究表明,操纵其他类型的细胞取代胰岛β细胞,从长远看来可能是一个可行的选择。最后一类,药理学研究,看起来最有可能显著减轻2型糖尿病负担。近几年,研究专注于降低血糖,而且降糖药种类的增加也反映了研究速度的加快。在过去的几年,保护因高糖导致细胞损害的代偿途径也有报道,也有控制能量摄入和能量消耗的研究。饮食控制以及减肥手术的证据表明,通过重新设定新陈代谢可能可以有效的治愈糖尿病,而对于2型糖尿病在将来的治疗,选择性恢复能量代谢平衡的药理学药物研究是现在最令人兴奋的前景。
Although you know the benefits of a healthy lifestyle, many people find it hard to stay healthy because modern lifestyles make it easy for people to sit still and eat too much. Therefore, we can predict the prevalence of type 2 diabetes will significantly increase in the next few years. Can the development of treatments offset its impact on morbidity and mortality? A great deal of research in this area can be grouped into three broad categories: technical, biological and pharmacological. The technical approach focuses on the infusion of insulin and glucagon through the artificial pancreas, a part of which is already in use, which indicates that such an approach may be effectively applied in the next 10 years. As for biological approaches, it appears unlikely that pancreas transplantation will be widely used and islet cell transplantation is also hampered by the lack of suitable donor tissue and low survival rates of grafts after transplantation. However, significant progress has been made in this area, and other studies show that manipulating other types of cells to replace islet beta cells may be a viable option in the long run. The last category, pharmacological research, appears to be most likely to significantly reduce the burden of type 2 diabetes. In recent years, research has focused on lowering blood glucose, and the increase in the number of hypoglycemic agents also reflects the speed of research. In the past few years, compensatory pathways for protecting cells from damage caused by high glucose have also been reported, and studies have also been conducted to control energy intake and energy expenditure. Dietary control and bariatric surgery have shown evidence that pharmacological drug research that selectively regains energy metabolism balance for type 2 diabetes in the future may be the most exciting prospect now that resurfacing metabolism may be effective in treating diabetes .