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60年代在澳大利亚发现某些土坝管涌失事与土料的分散性密切相关,此后引起许多人的重视并进行了大量研究,现在已经将这些在水中易于分散的土料视为一种特殊土类——分散性土。 土在水中分散实质上是土粒间的连结在水的作用下破坏的过程;也是土粒间斥力超过吸引力,使得相互排斥作用占优势的结果。如所周知,在土-水体系中土粒间排斥作用与土粒表面扩散双电层的发育程度密切相关。当双电层充分扩展,土粒间势能较高时,土-水体系由动力学和热力学均不稳定的状态,变成
In the 1960s, it was discovered in Australia that some earth-rock dam accidents were closely related to the dispersion of soil materials. Since then many people have paid much attention and conducted a lot of research. These earth materials that are easily dispersed in water have now been regarded as a special type of soil. - Dispersive soil. Dispersion of soil in water is essentially the process of destruction of the connection between soil particles under the influence of water; it is also the result that the repulsion between soil particles exceeds the attraction, making mutual repulsion dominant. As is well known, the repulsion between soil particles in soil-water systems is closely related to the degree of development of the electric double layer diffusion on the surface of soil particles. When the electric double layer is fully expanded and the potential energy between the soil particles is high, the soil-water system is changed from a state in which both the kinetics and thermodynamics are unstable.