人物是一般文学作品描写的主要对象。这些人物在特定的环境中生存,在一定的具体场所中活动,表现各自的性格和思想。作者笔下的人物都离不开环境,人物离开了环境,就象种子离开了土壤,失去了生存的依托,人物丰富而生动的思想性格无以形成、发展。同样,环境描写离开了人物也便失去了它的意义。正如茅盾所说:“人物不得不在一定的环境中活动,因此,作品中就必须写到环境。作品中的环境描写,不论是社会环境或自然环境,都不是可有可无的装饰品,而是密切地联系着人物的思想和行动。”(《鼓吹集·关于艺术的技巧》)譬如《劳动的开端》中的“我”,为什么在十二岁小小的年纪就开始繁重的劳动呢?因为“家里穷得揭不开锅”(家庭环境);为什么去挑煤,而不找其他轻点的活干呢?因为“我”的家乡萍乡有煤矿,“土煤窑星星点点,到处都是”(自然环境);劳动的开端一帆风顺吗? Characters are the main objects of description of general literary works. These characters survive in a specific environment, move in a certain specific place, and express their respective personalities and ideas. The characters in the author’s writing can not be separated from the environment. The characters leave the environment, just like the seeds left the soil and lost the support of survival. The characters’ rich and vivid thoughts and characters cannot be formed and developed. Similarly, the environmental description loses its meaning if it leaves the person. As Mao Dun said: “People must be active in a certain environment. Therefore, the works must be written in the environment. Environmental descriptions in works, whether social or natural, are not dispensable decorations. It is closely related to the thoughts and actions of the characters.“ (”Advocating arts techniques“) For example, ”I“ in ”The Beginning of Labor“, why did you start to work hard at the age of 12? Because ”The family is too poor to open the pot“ (home environment); why pick coal instead of looking for other light jobs? Because ”My“ home town of Pingxiang has coal mines, ”local coal mines are scattered everywhere," ( Natural environment); The beginning of labor is smooth?