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以“定芋1号”菊芋为试材,采用田间小区种植试验,设置3个施氮水平,分别是667m~2施氮20kg(N1,低肥)、40kg(N2,中肥)、60kg(N3,高肥),以不施氮(N0)为对照(CK),研究了不同施氮水平对菊芋植物学性状、干物质分配、块茎性状及产量的影响,以期为大庆地区菊芋的高产高效栽培提供参考依据。结果表明:N2和N3处理菊芋平均株高分别为256、276cm,均显著高于N1处理及对照(P<0.05);单株块茎鲜质量的大小顺序为N3>N2>N1>N0;茎和叶的干物质量占整株的比例均为N0>N1>N2>N3,根的干物质量占整株的比例基本一致,块茎的干物质量占整株的比例为N3>N2>N1>N0;N1、N2、N3处理667m~2平均产量分别为615、934、1 235kg,与对照(667 m~2平均产量391kg)相比,分别增产57%、139%、216%。研究结果表明,氮肥的施用能够促进菊芋的生长,增加植株的开展度,缩短茎节间的距离,增加叶片数量,有利于菊芋生殖器官(块茎)膨大,达到一定的增产效果。
The experiment of planting in field plot was conducted with three fixed nitrogenous fertilizer levels of 667m ~ 2 nitrogen (N1, low fertilizer), 40kg (N2, medium fertilizer) The effects of different nitrogen application rates on the botanical characters, dry matter partition, tuber traits and yield of Jerusalem artichoke were studied under different nitrogen (N0) as control (CK) High yield and efficient cultivation provide a reference. The results showed that the average plant height of Artemisia latifolia treated with N2 and N3 was 256 and 276 cm, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of N1 and control (P <0.05). The order of fresh mass of tuber was N3> N2> N1> N0. The proportion of dry matter of leaves to the whole plant was N0> N1> N2> N3, and the proportion of dry matter in roots was the same as that of whole plants. The proportion of dry matter in tubers was N3> N2> N1> N0. Compared with the control (667 m ~ 2 average yield 391 kg), the average yields of 667m ~ 2 for N2 and N3 treatments were 615,934 and 1,235kg respectively, which increased by 57%, 139% and 216% respectively. The results showed that the application of nitrogen could promote the growth of Jerusalem artichoke, increase the plant development, shorten the distance between the internodes and increase the number of leaves, which is beneficial to the enlargement of the reproductive organs (tubers) of the Jerusalem artichoke, achieving a certain increase in yield.