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为了探讨烤烟生长发育特性、产量和质量对施肥技术的响应,开展了有机肥、绿肥及无机肥3种不同施肥技术措施下,烤烟生长发育特性及产质量的响应差异性对比研究。结果表明,烤烟配施生物有机肥和绿肥翻压还田,可以增加根系体积,提高烟叶光合作用面积,增加净光合速率(Pn),降低土传病害危害,提高上等烟叶比例,改善烟叶品质,增加烟叶产量和产值。其中,烟叶的经济效果指数(ECI)和烟叶化学成分可用性指数(CCUI)、上等烟叶比例以及产量和产值,以配施生物有机肥处理表现为最大,分别为88.7、71.0和72.1、43.68%、2 436.5 kg·hm-2和64 079.9元·hm-2;其次是绿肥翻压还田处理,单施化肥的处理最小;且配施生物有机肥处理的产量和产值显著高于其余处理。综上,烤烟生长发育特性、产质量对施肥技术的响应效果,以配施有机肥处理最好,绿肥翻压处理次之,纯施化学肥料处理最差。本研究为开展有机肥绿肥的利用及促进烤烟品质提升提供了理论依据。
In order to investigate the growth and development characteristics, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in response to fertilization techniques, a comparative study on the responses of growth and development characteristics and yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco was conducted under three different fertilization techniques: organic fertilizer, green manure and inorganic fertilizer. The results showed that applying organic manure and green manure to the flue-cured tobacco could increase the root volume, increase the photosynthesis area, increase the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), reduce the harm of soil-borne diseases, improve the proportion of the top quality tobacco and improve the quality of the tobacco , Increase tobacco production and output value. Among them, the economic efficiency index (ECI) of tobacco leaf and the CCUI of chemical constituents of tobacco leaves, the proportion of top tobacco leaf and the output and output value of bio-organic fertilizer were the highest, which were 88.7, 71.0 and 72.1, 43.68% , 2 436.5 kg · hm-2 and 64 079.9 yuan · hm-2 respectively. The second was the application of green manure by repressurization and the single fertilizer was the least. The yield and the output value of bio-organic manure were significantly higher than those of other treatments. In summary, the growth and development characteristics of flue-cured tobacco, the quality of the response to fertilization technology, with the best organic fertilizer treatment, green press overpressure, pure chemical fertilizer treatment worst. This study provides a theoretical basis for the utilization of organic fertilizer green manure and promotion of tobacco quality improvement.