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Objective: To study the clinical significance of human mammaglobin (Hmam) mRNAin peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer. Methods: The expression of Hmam Mrna was detected in peripheral blood from patients with breast cancer, breast benign lesions, healthy volunteers by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (nested-RT-PCR) method. The possible correlations of Hmam Mrna expression with clinico-pathological parameters and related molecular markers such as p53, PCNA and HER-2 were analyzed. The Hmam Mrna changed in peripheral blood after chemotherapy was observed. Results: The positive rate of Hmam Mrna was 34.0% in peripheral blood of breast cancer, Hmam mRNAwas not expressed in peripheral blood from other cancers, breast benign lesions or healthy volunteers. The expression of Hmam Mrna in peripheral blood was correlated with lymph nodes status and TNM stage. After 2-3 cycles adjuvant chemotherapy, In 13 of 17 cases, the positive Hmam Mrna turned to be negative, and there was statistical difference between pre-chemo-therapy and post-chemotherapy. Conclusion: Hmam Mrna has specific expression in breast cancer, the positive expression of Hmam Mrna in peripheral blood might predict hematogenous metastatic spreading of tumor cells, and Hmam Mrna may be potential biological marker for detecting breast cancer micrometastasis.