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五四时期,恽代英以严格的修身来回应晚清以来的心灵与政治危机。他认为个人道德的提高,是教化天下、改变现实的必要途径。这一思想是儒家“政治乃是人格的扩大”的延续,具体而言则是与宋学中的道德严格主义一脉相承。他如苦行僧般,采取写日记、传观日记、写自讼语与记功过格等方式,力行修身。他还建立互助社,以批评与自我批评的集体自省的方式,砥砺品行。本文试图梳理恽代英与宋学中道德严格主义的关系,并分析其道德理念与修身实践之间的紧张感及彼此的互动。
During the May 4th Movement, Dai Ying-ying followed strict spiritual self-cultivation in response to the spiritual and political crisis since the late Qing Dynasty. He believes that the improvement of individual morality is a necessary way to educate the world and change the reality. This idea is a continuation of Confucianism, “Politics is the expansion of personality”, and specifically goes hand in hand with moral strictism in Song Studies. He is like a monk, taking the diary, biography diary, writing sincerity and meritorious service, etc., to cultivate self-cultivation. He also established a mutual aid association to instruct the conduct of conduct by criticizing the way of collective self-examination with self-criticism. This article attempts to sort out the relationship between Ji Daiying and moral integrity in Song Studies, and analyzes the tension and mutual interaction between moral ideas and self-cultivation practices.