线粒体是真核细胞中普遍存在的最重要的细胞器之一,它不仅是细胞内的“动力工厂”,还是非常敏感多变的细胞器。线粒体受核基因(nDNA)和线粒体基因(mtDNA)的双重控制,共同维持了线粒体乃至细胞的正常功能。mtDNA是动物体内惟一存在的核外遗传物质,具有半自主性,母性遗传和隔离复 Mitochondria are one of the most important organelles that are ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells. They are not only “power plants” within cells, but also are very sensitive and variable organelles. Mitochondria are controlled by both the nDNA and mitochondrial genes (mtDNAs) and maintain the normal function of mitochondria and even cells. mtDNA is the only existing extranuclear genetic material in animals, with semi-autonomy, maternal inheritance and quarantine