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防灾公园是城市防灾减灾体系重要组成部分,功能完善的防灾公园对城市安全的保护具有重要意义。针对我国小城市、沿海地震频发地区城市公园的现状,进行了的防灾减灾功能改造研究。以福建省东山岛虎山公园为例,在调查分析其自然环境(地质条件,高程和坡度)的基础上,对其人工环境作了分析,对其安全条件作了评估。采用GIS地理分析技术,从场所、通道、设施、植物规划4个方面,进行了防灾减灾功能改造规划。将公园分为文史景观区(28 216 m~2)、观赏景观区(17 292 m~2)、保卫战景观区(33 836 m~2)、防灾科普景观区(11 867 m~2)、生态防护区(96 036 m~2)和农家乐休闲(21 830 m~2)六个景观休闲区;根据平灾转换的原则,对公园进行灾时规划,分出了灾时棚宿区(15 500 m~2)、灾时车宿区(7 113 m~2)、物资储存中心(5 960 m~2)、医疗救护中心(1 535 m~2)、灾时指挥区(2 433 m~2)以及疏散通道(2 125 m)。规划虎山公园灾时棚宿区面积15 500 m~2,占城市受灾时防灾规划用地面积47%,可容纳7750人避难。该改造规划完善了虎山公园防灾配套设施和防灾植物搭配,提高了防灾减灾功能,可为相关城市公园防灾改造建设提供参考。
Disaster prevention park is an important part of urban disaster prevention and mitigation system. A well-functioning disaster prevention park is of great significance to the protection of urban safety. Aiming at the current situation of urban parks in small cities and coastal areas with frequent earthquakes in our country, the research on the functions of disaster prevention and reduction has been carried out. Taking Hushan Park in Dongshan Island, Fujian Province as an example, based on the investigation and analysis of its natural environment (geological conditions, elevation and slope), the artificial environment was analyzed and its safety conditions were evaluated. Using GIS geographic analysis technology, planning for reconstruction of disaster prevention and mitigation functions has been carried out in four aspects of places, access roads, facilities and plant planning. The park is divided into a cultural and historical landscape area (28,226 m 2), an ornamental landscape area (17,292 m 2), a war landscape (33,836 m 2), a scenic area for disaster prevention (11,867 m 2) , Ecological protection zone (96 036 m ~ 2) and farmhouse recreation (21 830 m ~ 2). According to the principles of disaster recovery and conversion, the park is planned for disaster and the storm shelter area ( 15 500 m 2, 7 113 m 2, 5 960 m 2, medical rescue center 1 535 m 2, disaster zone command area 2 433 m, ~ 2) and evacuation routes (2 125 m). Plan Hushan Park disaster shelter area of 15 500 m ~ 2, accounting for 47% of the city disaster prevention planning land area, can accommodate 7750 people refuge. The reconstruction plan improves the matching facilities of disaster prevention facilities and disaster prevention plants in Hushan Park and improves the function of disaster prevention and reduction, which can provide reference for disaster prevention and reconstruction of related urban parks.