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耐药性、持续感染以及与HIV病毒的共感染等诸多因素导致一度得到控制的结核病死灰复燃,有效控制日益严峻的结核病迫切需要深入认识其致病菌——结核分枝杆菌Mycobacterium tuberculosis的基础生物学特性,以及宿主相应的免疫控制机理。目前尚无一个动物模型能够同时回答这些关键问题,而利用多种动物模型有望从不同角度回答上述问题,普遍认为果蝇Drosophila是比较理想的研究结核病天然免疫的简易模式动物之一。本文综述了果蝇免疫研究的最新进展,包括免疫途径及其新成员与负调控子,重点总结了用海分枝菌杆菌M.marinum、偶发分枝杆菌M.fortuitum和耻垢分枝杆菌M.smegmatis等分枝杆菌感染果蝇的新发现,其中包括感染期间不诱导抗菌肽表达,多个宿主因子(如CD36家族成员和ESCRT)参与了应答,鉴定出具有杀灭分支杆菌作用的β-己糖酰胺酶,感染期间能量代谢相关基因差异表达等。这些工作为利用果蝇模型快速筛选治疗结核病的新药物靶标和药物先导物提供了思路。
Drug resistance, persistent infection and co-infection with the HIV virus and other factors lead to the resumption of once-controlled tuberculosis, effective control of the increasingly serious tuberculosis urgent need to understand its pathogenic bacteria - Mycobacterium tuberculosis basic biology Characteristics, and host the corresponding immune control mechanism. At present, no animal model can answer these key questions at the same time. However, using a variety of animal models is expected to answer the above questions from different perspectives. Drosophila is generally considered as one of the simple model animals for studying innate immunity of tuberculosis. This review summarizes the recent advances in immunological research in Drosophila, including the immunological pathway and its new members and negative regulators, with a focus on the use of M. marinum, M. fortuitum and M. smegmatis M . Smegmatis such as mycobacterium infection Drosophila new discoveries, including during infection does not induce the expression of antimicrobial peptides, a number of host factors (such as CD36 family members and ESCRT) involved in the response to identify with the role of mycobacterium tuberculosis to kill β - Hexokitolase, differential expression of energy metabolism related genes during infection, and the like. These works provide a new idea for the rapid screening of new drug targets and drug precursors for the treatment of tuberculosis using the Drosophila model.