论文部分内容阅读
目的科学评价水痘疫苗两剂次免疫的实施效果,为制定烟台市水痘疫苗免疫策略提供参考依据。方法对2008-2015年烟台市水痘疫苗接种状况、1~12岁常驻儿童抗体阳性率及2008-2015年水痘发病特征进行描述性分析,利用Epidata3.4和SPSS18.0软件进行数据处理和统计分析。结果烟台市2009年后1针免疫接种率保持在较高水平(90%以上),自2012年开展2剂次接种,15岁以下儿童2剂接种率在57.20%~64.08%。初免后不同年限抗体阳性率分析显示,初免后1年以内阳性率最高(98.55%),之后随年限增加逐步下降,初免3年以上儿童加强免疫后抗体阳性率在96.43%~100.00%之间,各年龄组加强免疫后抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(P=0.160)。2008-2015年全市15岁以下儿童水痘发病数和发病率整体呈下降趋势,其中7~9岁年龄组下降幅度最大(81.11%),其次是4~6岁年龄组(80.71%)。2012-2015年4~6岁儿童发病构成比较2008-2011年明显降低。结论烟台市水痘疫苗采用2剂接种程序后,有效提高了目标人群的抗体水平,15岁以下儿童总发病率逐年下降,免疫效果优于1剂接种程序。
Objective To scientifically evaluate the effect of two doses of varicella vaccine in order to provide reference for the development of immunization strategy of varicella vaccine in Yantai City. Methods The epidemic situation of chickenpox in Yantai from 2008 to 2015, the prevalence of resident children aged from 1 to 12 and the incidence of chickenpox in 2008-2015 were analyzed. The data were processed and statistically analyzed by Epidata 3.4 and SPSS 18.0 software analysis. Results After 2009, the 1-dose immunization rate of Yantai maintained at a relatively high level (over 90%). Since inoculation was carried out in two doses in 2012, the two-dose vaccination rate of children under 15 years of age ranged from 57.20% to 64.08%. The positive rate of antibody in different years after initial immunization showed that the positive rate was highest (98.55%) within 1 year after initial immunization, and then decreased gradually with the increase of age. The positive rate of antibodies after immunization for more than 3 years after initial immunization was between 96.43% and 100.00% There was no significant difference in the positive rate of antibodies after the immunization among all age groups (P = 0.160). In 2008-2015, the incidence and incidence of chickenpox in children under 15 in the whole city showed a downward trend. The largest decrease was 81.11% in the age group of 7-9 years, followed by the age of 4-6 years (80.71%). The incidence of children aged 4 ~ 6 years from 2012 to 2015 was significantly lower than that of 2008-2011. Conclusion The vaccination program of varicella vaccine in Yantai City effectively raised the antibody level of the target population. The overall incidence of children under 15 years of age dropped year by year, and the immunization effect was superior to that of one dose of vaccination program.