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本文以“夏某被迫强奸杀人”的案例研讨为切入视角,分类梳理了不同类型被迫行为的性质、减免刑罚的根据、适用条件及法律后果。被迫行为可分为三类:(1)无责性被迫行为,基于道义责任论,行为人身体完全受到强制,不属于刑法中的行为;(2)免责性被迫行为,根据没有公平选择机会论和对人性弱点妥协论,行为人的可谴责性降低到不需要承担刑事责任的程度;(3)减责性被迫行为,胁迫程度、紧迫程度以及行为自由意志的空间大小未达到法律规定的排除罪责的程度,可以成为减轻责任事由。
Based on the case study of “Xia Mou forced to rape and murder”, the paper sorts out the nature of different types of forced behaviors, the basis, application conditions and legal consequences of the penalty. Forced behavior can be divided into three categories: (1) no-obligation forced behavior, based on the theory of moral responsibility, the actor’s body is completely forcibly excluded from criminal law; (2) Choosing the theory of opportunity and the compromise of weakness of human nature, the condemnation of the perpetrator is reduced to the extent that criminal responsibility is not required; (3) The magnitude of the coercive forced behavior, the degree of coercion, the degree of urgency and the free will of the act have not been reached The degree of exclusion of guilt provided by law can be a cause of lessening responsibility.