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磷作为影响水体富营养化的关键因素之一,已受到人们的普遍关注。磷盈余的耕地是水体磷的重要来源。本文从国内外耕地磷盈余量、耕地磷盈余的环境风险及其防治三个方面对目前耕地磷盈余的研究进行了综述。研究表明,随着农业的发展,化肥投入的增加,磷盈余问题普遍存在于世界各地,我国耕地磷盈余正处于上升通道,大多数发达国家则处于控制下降通道;耕地磷盈余的环境风险主要表现为耕地磷流失能力以及区域非点源磷污染的可能性;通过改良施肥方式、优化作物类型、加强田间管理模式及改进农业类型能够有效减少磷盈余带来的危害。
Phosphorus, as one of the key factors affecting the eutrophication of water body, has been widely concerned by people. Phosphorus surplus of cultivated land is an important source of phosphorus in water. This paper reviews the current research on the phosphorus surplus of cultivated land from the domestic and international perspectives of the surplus of cultivated land, the environmental risk of cultivated land phosphorus surplus and its prevention and control. The research shows that with the development of agriculture and the increase of input of chemical fertilizers, the problem of phosphorus surplus prevails all over the world. The surplus of cultivated land in our country is on the rise and the majority of developed countries are in the control channel. The environmental risk of the surplus of cultivated land phosphorus is mainly manifested Possibility of arable land for phosphorus loss and regional non-point source phosphorous pollution; The harm caused by phosphorus surplus can be effectively reduced by improving fertilization mode, optimizing crop type, strengthening field management mode and improving agricultural type.