通过连续6年微区定位试验,以传统的土壤培肥方式作为对照,探究较长时间施用生物炭和炭基肥对土壤保水作用的影响,为生物炭农用提供理论参考。定位试验于2009年开始,连续6年进行了花生微区田间试验(2m~2)。试验设4个处理,分别为秸秆还田+NPK(CS)、施用猪厩肥+NPK(PMC)、生物炭+NPK(BIO)和炭基肥(BF)处理,在2014年花生的生育期间测定了表层土壤含水量、水分累积蒸发量和土壤理化性质。研究表明:土壤水分含量充足时,BIO和BF处理含水量与PMC处理接近,都高于CS处理;土壤含水量较低时,BIO和BF处理含水量低于CS和PMC处理。与秸秆还田和施用猪厩肥相比,生物炭处理可提高土壤供水数量但降低土壤保水能力。炭基肥处理降低了土壤供水数量和保水能力。 Through 6 years of micro-location experiment, the traditional method of soil fertilization was used as a control to investigate the effect of applying biochar and carbon-based fertilizer on soil water retention for a long time and to provide a theoretical reference for biochar agriculture. Positioning test began in 2009, for 6 consecutive years of peanut micro-area field test (2m ~ 2). In the experiment, four treatment treatments were straw returning + NPK (CS), pig manure application + NPK (PMC), biochar + NPK (BIO) and carbon base fertilizer (BF) Surface Soil Moisture, Water Evaporation and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties. The results show that the water content of BIO and BF is close to that of PMC when the soil moisture is abundant, and the content of BIO and BF is lower than that of CS and PMC when the soil moisture is low. Biochar treatment increases soil water supply but decreases soil water retention compared to straw return and pig manure application. Carbon-based fertilizer reduces soil water supply and water retention capacity.