一、自然主义的形成及其社会根源对自然主义文学的评价,世界各学派好似有很大出入:西欧各国的学者把自然主义和现实主义混同起来,几乎视为同义词。他们认为两者的特点都是“写实主义”;我国、苏联以及其他国家的左派学者,与此相反,否定前者、肯定后者,他们认为只有现实主义,特别是批判的现实主义才是正确地反映现实的革命文学,而自然主义“着重描写现实 First, the formation of naturalism and its social roots Evaluation of naturalistic literature, the world seems to vary greatly from school to school: Western scholars in all countries naturalism and realism confused, almost regarded as synonymous. In contrast, the leftists in our country, the Soviet Union and other countries denied the former and affirmed the latter that they believed that only realism, especially critical realism, was correct Reflect the reality of revolutionary literature, while naturalism "focuses on the reality