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海洋生物与其所栖息的环境密切相关。自养生物吸收利用水中的无机态元素C,H,O,N,P,Si,Fe等(有的尚包括一定量的有机态化学物质)变为有生命的有机体;异养生物捕食植物或动物来构成机体和维持生命;生物异化作用及尸体分解,又将有机态物质变为无机态化学成分。因此,海洋生物离不开化学元素。元素在海洋中的循环,括包着生物体作用过程,除食物链化学物质外,还包括着生物栖息环境条件。例如:任何生物都有自己的适温范围;盐度与生物的渗透压有关;pH值大小对海藻吸收氮素形态有影响;铅、汞、砷及农药等对海洋生物有致病性。由此看来,海洋理化环境的研究,在元素地球化学及水产农牧化中均具有重要意义。
Marine life is closely related to the habitat in which it lives. Autotrophic bio-absorption and utilization of inorganic elements in water C, H, O, N, P, Si, Fe, etc. (some still include a certain amount of organic chemical substances) into living organisms; heterotrophs prey plants or Animals to form the body and life; biological alienation and decomposition of the body, turn the organic matter into inorganic chemical composition. Therefore, marine life can not be separated from chemical elements. Elements of the cycle in the ocean, including the role of biological processes, in addition to the food chain chemicals, but also includes biological habitat environmental conditions. For example, any organism has its own range of suitable temperature. Salinity is related to the biological osmotic pressure. The pH value affects the absorption of nitrogen by seaweeds. Lead, mercury, arsenic and pesticides are pathogenic to marine organisms. Seen in this light, the study of the marine physical and chemical environment is of great significance both in element geochemistry and in aquatic agriculture and animal husbandry.