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目的了解山东省济宁市11~17岁双生子心理和行为发育现况,探讨影响青少年心理和行为发育的遗传和环境因素。方法采用青少年自评量表对济宁市210对11~17岁的双生子进行问卷调查。结果双生子儿童心理行为问题的得分低于普通儿童;除违纪症状外,各综合征得分均随年龄增长而增加;男性自评症状得分高于女性,且违纪(t=2.569,P=0.011)、攻击(t=2.665,P=0.008)和外向(t=2.927,P=0.004)3个因子在性别之间差异有统计学意义。经遗传分析显示,退缩、主诉、焦抑、社交、思维、注意、违纪、攻击和内外向症状的遗传度分别为0.085,0.159,0.054,0.043,0.126,0.002,0.086,0.076,0.001和0.081。结论双生子儿童心理行为问题发生率低于普通儿童;在青少年心理行为发育的影响因素中,环境为主要因素。
Objective To understand the psychological and behavioral development of twins aged 11 to 17 years in Jining, Shandong Province and to explore the genetic and environmental factors that affect the psychological and behavioral development of adolescents. Methods Twenty-one twins (11-17 years old) in Jining City were surveyed by using the self-rating scale of adolescents. Results The score of mental health problem of twins was lower than that of normal children. The score of syndromes increased with age except for violation of discipline. Male self-assessment symptom scores were higher than that of women (t = 2.569, P = 0.011) (T = 2.665, P = 0.008) and extroversion (t = 2.927, P = 0.004). There were significant differences in gender between the two groups. Genetic analysis showed that the heritabilities of withdrawal, chief complaint, anxiety, social, thinking, attention, discipline, attack and extroversion were 0.085,0.159,0.054,0.043,0.126,0.002,0.086,0.076,0.001 and 0.081, respectively. Conclusions The incidence of psychological problems in twin children is lower than that in ordinary children. Among the influencing factors of psychological and behavioral development in adolescents, the environment is the major factor.