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计算机安全涉及应用于计算机硬件,软件和数据的管理过程和技术保护,以确保不致发生对计算机系统数据的偶然的或故意的非授权的存取和散布。另一方面,计算机保密涉及保护数据不被非授权的存取和散布方面的道德的和法律的要求。所以计算机保密所包含的问题是关于谁可以存取什么和谁可以散布什么的政治决策问题,而计算机安全包含的问题是实施保密决策的过程和保护的问题。关于军事的保密要求,工业应用的保密要求,以及现代社会的信息共享的要求已成为安全和保密问题的推动力量。自从计算机在处理和存贮信息中起着主要的和重要的作用以来,在使用计算机的地方这些激励的力量就变得特别尖锐了。本文讨论计算机保密和数据安全。其它问题诸如运算安全,物理安全,硬件安全,以及操作系统的安全在文献[1,2,3]中讨论,这里就不考虑了。
Computer security involves management processes and technical protection applied to computer hardware, software and data to ensure that accidental or intentional unauthorized access to and distribution to computer system data does not occur. On the other hand, computer security involves the moral and legal requirements to protect data from unauthorized access and distribution. Therefore, computer confidentiality includes the questions about who can access what and who can spread what political decision-making issues, and computer security issues involved in the implementation of security decision-making process and the issue of protection. Requests for military secrecy, the confidentiality requirements of industrial applications, and information sharing in modern society have been the driving forces behind security and confidentiality issues. Since computers have played a major and central role in processing and storing information, the power of these incentives has become particularly acute where computers are used. This article discusses computer security and data security. Other issues such as computing security, physical security, hardware security, and operating system security are discussed in [1, 2, 3] and are not considered here.