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动词的方向结构是动词语义研究中的一个重要部分,“指向”是动词的固有特性。采用[±指向自身][±指向他身][±指向自身的领域][±指向他身的领域]四对语义特征对动词进行次范畴化,可以形成动词指向的分类系统。有向动词的三大次范畴即内向动词、双向动词和外向动词具有不同的句法表现,对代词“自己”与“他”的分布具有不同的制约作用。
The directional structure of a verb is an important part of the study of verbal semantics. “Pointing ” is an inherent characteristic of a verb. [± points to oneself] [± points to one’s own field] [± points to one’s own field] [± points to one’s own field] Four pairs of semantic features of the verb’s subcategorization can form a verb-pointing classification system. The three major sub-categories of directional verbs, namely, inward verbs, bidirectional verbs and outward verbs have different syntactical expressions, and have different restrictive roles in the distribution of pronouns “self ” and “him ”.