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【目的】探寻贵州喀斯特地区不同冬种模式对后茬杂交水稻干物质积累、分配及产量形成的影响,为该地区绿色、高效、循环复合种植模式的筛选提供参考。【方法】2015~2016年以杂交水稻中优808为试验材料,设冬闲—水稻(A处理,冬闲对照)、油菜—水稻(B处理)、蔬菜—水稻(C处理)、马铃薯—水稻(D处理)和绿肥—水稻(E处理)5种冬种模式,测定水稻不同生育期的叶面积指数、干物质积累量、产量及产量构成因素等。【结果】不同冬种模式下,C处理的后茬水稻叶面积指数(3.30)在拔节期显著高于A处理(2.31)(P<0.05,下同),但与B、D和E处理无显著差异(P>0.05,下同);B和E处理的叶面积指数分别在孕穗期、抽穗期最大,且显著高于其他处理。成熟期干物质积累量、总生物量排序为C处理>B处理>E处理>D处理>A处理,冬种农作物或绿肥处理的后茬水稻干物质积累量均高于冬闲对照。从产量构成来看,B处理的有效穗数最高(221.62万穗/ha);D处理的每穗总粒数最多(181.03粒/穗);C处理的水稻结实率最高(90.58%)。各冬种农作物处理的水稻产量均高于冬闲对照,其中C处理产量最高,达10480.23 kg/ha;其次是D和B处理,产量分别达10245.80和10069.99 kg/ha。【结论】在施肥量相同的条件下,合理利用冬闲田种植农作物或绿肥可促进后茬水稻干物质的积累,一定程度上促进水稻增产,其中蔬菜—水稻、马铃薯—水稻和油菜—水稻3种冬种模式的增产优势明显,是适合贵州喀斯特地区的复合种植模式。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different winter types on dry matter accumulation, distribution and yield formation of hybrid rice in karst areas of Guizhou Province, and to provide references for the selection of green, efficient and circular mixed cropping patterns in this area. 【Method】 The hybrid rice Zhongyou 808 was used as the experimental material in 2015-2016. The effects of winter fallow - paddy (A treatment, winter and leisure control), rapeseed - rice (B treatment), vegetable - rice (C treatment), potato - rice And green manure - rice (E treatment). The leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, yield and yield components of rice at different growth stages were measured. 【Result】 The leaf area index (3.30) of C after treatment was significantly higher than that of A (2.31) (P <0.05, same below) at jointing stage under different winter patterns, but no significant difference with B, D and E (P> 0.05, the same below). The leaf area index of B and E treatments were the highest at booting stage and heading stage respectively, which was significantly higher than other treatments. The accumulation of dry matter and the total biomass in mature stage were C treatment> B treatment> E treatment> D treatment> A treatment. The dry matter accumulation of winter crop or green manure was higher than that of winter fallow. From the perspective of yield composition, the number of effective panicles treated by B was the highest (221.62 million spikes / ha); the maximum number of spikelets per panicle (181.03 seeds / spike) in D treatment was the highest (90.58%). The yield of paddy rice treated with winter crops was higher than that of winter and fallow control. The highest yield of C was 10480.23 kg / ha, followed by D and B, the yield reached 10245.80 and 10069.99 kg / ha, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Under the same fertilization condition, crop or green manure could be used to promote the accumulation of dry matter of rice after winter fallow, which could promote rice yield to some extent. Among them, there were three kinds of vegetable-rice, potato-rice and rape-rice Winter planting mode has obvious advantages of increasing production, which is suitable for the compound planting mode of Guizhou Karst area.