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目的:观察新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)患儿辅助性T细胞1(Th1)/辅助性T细胞2(Th2)失衡与呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)的相关性。方法:选择驻马店市中心医院2018年7月至2019年7月收治NRDS患儿108例，均给予相关治疗，检测患儿Th1及Th2细胞亚群水平，分析Th1/Th2失衡情况，并探讨Th1/Th2失衡与VAP发生的相关性。结果:108例NRDS患儿中共有36例发生VAP，VAP发生率为33.33%；VAP发生组性别、胎龄、是否早产、出生体质量、NRSD分级、通气方式等基线资料与VAP未发生组比较，差异未见统计学意义(n P>0.05)。VAP发生组干扰素γ(IFN-γ)水平高于VAP未发生组[(170.21±21.34)ng/L比(151.77±19.52)ng/L]，白细胞介素-4(IL-4)水平低于VAP未发生组[(86.60±10.24)pg/ml比(100.77±11.69)pg/ml]，IFN-γ/IL-4比值高于VAP未发生组(1.98±0.21比1.52±0.15)，差异有统计学意义(n P1，n P0.71，有一定预测价值。IL-4及IFN-γ/IL-4比值用于NRDS患儿VAP风险预测的AUC均>0.90，有较高的预测价值。n 结论:NRDS患儿住院期间有较高的VAP发病风险，可能与患儿Th1/Th2失衡有关，未来可考虑将Th1/Th2作为NRDS患儿住院期间VAP发生风险的有效预测因子，以指导早期VAP风险评估及干预。“,”Objective:To investigate the relationship of imbalance of helper T cell 1 (Th1) / helper T cell 2 (Th2) with ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) in neonates with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS).Methods:A total of 108 patients with NRDS treated in Zhumadian Central Hospital from July 2018 to July 2019 were selected. All of them were give related treatments. The levels of Th1 and Th2 cell subsets of children were examined. The Th1/Th2 imbalance was analyzed, and the correlation between Th1/Th2 imbalance and VAP was investigated.Results:Of the 108 NRDS children, 36 cases had VAP, and the incidence of VAP was 33.33%. There was no significant difference in gender, gestational age, preterm birth, birth weight, NRSD grade or ventilation mode between the VAP-occurring group and VAP-non-occurring group (n P>0.05). The levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the VAP-occurring group was (170.21±21.34)ng/L, higher than the (151.77±19.52)ng/L in the VAP-non-occurring group (n P0.90, which had high predictive values.n Conclusions:Children with NRDS have a higher risk of VAP during hospitalization, which may be related to Th1/Th2 imbalance in children. In the future, Th1/Th2 may be considered as an effective factor in predicting the risk of VAP during hospitalization of NRDS children, in order to guide early VAP risk assessment and intervention.