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随着课改的深入，各地的中考命题发生了很大的变化。然而，所谓“万变不离其宗”，无论考试形式如何变化，考核的内容依然是依据《初中英语新课程标准》的要求。阅读理解题是各地英语中考的必考题型，且题量大，分值高。阅读理解答题情况直接影响英语中考整个卷面的总成绩。
《课程标准》对初中毕业生英语阅读技能的要求是：（1）能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；（2）能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；（3）能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事的发展和可能的结局；（4）能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；（5）能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；（6）能利用字典等工具书进行学习；（7）除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上。
《课程标准》要求学生既能理解个别句子的意义，也能理解上下文的逻辑关系；既能理解字面的意思，也能理解隐含的意思；既能理解事实和细节，也能理解所读材料的主旨和大意；能就文章的内容进行判断、推理和信息转换。
命题特点
1.语篇选材贴近生活，内容积极，体裁多样，题材广泛。命题选材主要包括日常生活中的故事、人物传记、社会、文化、环境、资源、史地、科普、政治、经济、趣闻、广告等，语言纯正，凸显当地风土人情，展示英语语言文化。有较丰富的文化内涵，关注社会焦点，紧随科技前沿，极具时代性，使阅读能力的考查源于生活，且回归生活。语篇体裁有记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等。各种体裁的文章所占比例均衡。选材一般会避开有学科、性别、城乡差别等倾向的文章，以实现公平、公正的原则。
2.注重考查学生的阅读技能和理解能力。命题主要考查学生捕捉语篇中具体事实和细节的能力（包括人物关系、时间、地点、事件等），根据上下文和构词法推断、理解词义和句义的能力，就文章内容进行主旨大意的概括、作者态度及观点的推断和信息转换的能力。
3.加大考查学生推断词义能力的力度。要求考生根据上下文或整篇文章做出推断，以检测考生利用构词法或经验常识等猜测词义的能力，进而在较高级的措辞中，揣摩作者的隐含之意。
4.考点分布均衡，试题科学有效，干扰项干扰作用增大。试题设计符合学生的认知水平和理解能力，有效避免了背离生活常识和语篇本意的偏题、怪题；题干简洁明了，既避免了长句、难句，又避免了生硬的套语；选项表意清楚，关系合理，干扰有效，答案唯一，杜绝了模棱两可的选项设计。干扰项只有涉及到语篇内容才能发挥干扰的功能，各地在命题时都能严格把握这一点，试题在干扰项的设计上水平逐年提高，干扰作用明显增大。
中考阅读理解题，无论体裁和题材如何，其命题的种类大体可以归纳为四种：细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题、主旨大意题。
解题技巧
1.细节理解题
《课程标准》中对初三学生提出的阅读要求包括：能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息。对这种“获取信息”能力的考查，主要采用的方式就是“细节理解及判断”。这类题在中考阅读理解题中占有较大的比例，做对这类题是确保基础分的关键。同时，理清细节，获取精准信息，也是正确把握文章主旨大意的前提。
这类题的特点是其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。做这类题一般要求考生先略读文章，领悟大意，同时理解文章结构层次及细节，尤其要注意六个W（who，where，when，which，what，why）和一个H（how）以及数字、日期、时间、同位语等。然后再带着问题通过“找读法”快速锁定该细节在文中的位置，最后用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项。题干的设置往往有according to the author (passage) 这样的限制语，回答时，考生一定要以文章所谈到的内容为依据，而不要凭自己的观点或经验选择不符合文章内容的答案。如果所问内容是由数字表示的事实或细节，如时间、价格、次数等，要在正确理解题干的基础上再进行必要的计算，不能轻易将文中给出的数字当成正确答案，以免“张冠李戴”。如果问题中含有否定意义的词语，如not，except (for)，least，never等，要特别留心，以免选择相反的答案。考生还要准确把握指代关系，阅读时常常会遇到一些代词，如it，its，they，them，their，this，that，these，those，one，ones等，用来代替上文提到的人、事或物，对其指代关系的理解往往是至关重要的。例如：
...But the first barbecues，in fact，were the invention of the Taino Indians of Haiti，who dried their meat on raised frames (架子) of sticks over fires....
（2010年连云港）
34. Who invented the barbecues first in history？
A. American people. B. Taino Indians.
C. Spanish explorers. D. English settlers.
[简析]解该题时，根据问题，可以在文章中直接找到解题的信息所在（the first barbecues，in fact，were the invention of the Taino Indians of Haiti），根据此信息可以确定该题的正确答案是B项。
2.词义猜测题
猜测词义是英语泛读过程中必须具备的能力之一。考生应在准确理解上下文的基础上，利用已学过的构词法（如前缀、后缀、词根等），通过举例、定义、对比、因果、常识等线索推测词义。通常考生可采用以下方法：
（1） 利用举例猜词
为了说明或证实自己的观点，作者往往会采取举例的方式，考生可借助这些例子猜测生词的大意。例如：
...It shows that the barbecue had its social occasion by that time. Large animals would be roasted whole on frames over hot fires，and neighbours would be invited to dinner....（2010年连云港）
36. The underlined expression “social occasion” can be best translated into __________.
A. 社交功能 B. 社会福利 C. 社会地位 D. 社会背景
[简析]解该题时，通过例句“neighbours would be invited to dinner（邀请邻居来用餐）”，可以推测出“ social occasion”的词义应该是“社交功能”。选A。
（2） 利用定义解释猜词
有些文章，尤其是说明文，通常会对一些关键性的词下定义或解释说明，考生就可以锁定这些定义或解释来猜测生词的大意。例如：
...Green fashion is about making(and wearing)clothes that are good for humans，animals，and the Earth....（2010年苏州）
26. According to the passage，what is “green fashion”？
A. Wearing the colour green all the time.
B. Making clothes from green trees.
C. Putting green make-up on your face.
D. Wearing clothes that are good for the Earth.
[简析]解该题时，只要根据句中表语的内容就可以知道该题的正确答案了。选D。
（3） 利用词义的关联性猜词
词汇组成了句子，句子又组成语篇。任何一个词汇在句子甚至在语篇中都会与其它词汇有联系。考生可以通过这种上下文的联系来猜测生词的大意。例如：
...They flew on and on till they couldn’t see the land and there was nothing but water on all sides. The crow was making fewer and fewer comments. He was now so exhausted that he found it hard to stay in the air，and had to struggle to keep himself from falling into the water....（2010年常州）
22. What does the underlined word “exhausted” in Paragraph 4 mean？
A. Tired B. Bored C. Nervous D. Frightened
[简析]解该题时，首先要反复阅读该小节，并关注到 “flew on and on（一直飞）”，“was making fewer and fewer comments（作的评价越来越少）”，“he found it hard to stay in the air（发现在空中飞很难）”，“had to struggle to keep himself from falling into the water（不得不挣扎着不让自己坠入水中）”，利用这些相关的信息，考生应该能够猜出 “exhausted” 意为“筋疲力尽的”。故选A。
（4） 利用经验常识猜词
语言源于生活，阅读材料也是如此。因此有些生词考生可以凭借生活常识和经验来判定。例如：
...“I am!” shouted Barg，and he drunk all the water out of the mountain lake. His stomach swelled like a balloon，but he held the water strung....（2010年南京）
36. The word “swelled” in Paragraph 8 means “__________.”.
A. flew higher and farther B. became larger and rounder
C. got heavier and smaller D. grew lighter and faster
[简析]解该题时，结合生活常识应该知道喝了很多水后，肚子会像气球一样又大又圆。因此本题的正确答案是B。
3.推理判断题
这类考题主要对短文的结论、隐含意义（寓意）、作者的倾向、写作的目的等进行考查。解题时要纵观全文，在汇集短文提供的各项信息的基础上，严格按照短文陈述的观点或描述事实，进行正确的、合乎逻辑的推论和引申。有时还可能要求考生对原文中没有提及的情况进行推理和想象，对题目中提出的各种可能性进行推敲，从而选出符合原文信息或作者意图的最佳答案。这类题对考生来说难度较大，没有把握。通常考生可采用以下方法：
（1） 结合已有的相关信息进行推断
考生需根据文中所阐述的细节，结合自己掌握的相关知识进行分析和推敲，以得出与文章原义一致的结论。例如：
...People often say they feel good when the sun is shining and sad when it is cloudy. In fact，sunlight makes us feel good. When sunlight hits our skins，our bodies produce a vitamin. Vitamins are natural chemicals (化学物质) which we all need to stay healthy. Sunlight helps our bodies produce vitamin D. Vitamin D helps our bodies make a special chemical. This special chemical affects our brains (大脑) and makes us feel happy. For example，there are long，dark winters of little sunlight in Sweden and Norway，so many people in these countries often feel sad. Without much sunlight，their bodies produce less vitamin D. Without enough vitamin D，their bodies make less of this special chemical which makes them feel good. To help the people in these countries feel better，special “sunrooms” with artificial (人造的) lights have been built. People can go there and get “sunlight” for an hour or two!
The weather can also affect people’s emotions in other ways. Hot weather can make people angry because people feel uncomfortable when they are hot. In the same way，rain can make people angry because being wet can be unpleasant....
（2010年常州）
32. What can we infer (推断) from the passage？
A. We feel good when we are in the bright cool weather.
B. We will be happy when we are caught in the rain.
C. All people in Norway and Sweden feel sad in winter.
D. The more vitamin D you have，the happier you’ll be.
[简析]解该题时，考生应仔细研读文章。四个选项中，选项B是明显背离原文 “rain can make people angry because being wet can be unpleasant”的；选项C 的内容和原文“dark winters of little sunlight in Sweden and Norway，so many people in these countries often feel sad”几乎相同，但选项中的 “all” 因扩大范围而产生偏差；选项D则是以“偷梁换柱”的手法迷惑考生，达到干扰的目的。因此正确答案是A。
（2） 根据文章的结论推断作者的观点或态度
作者的态度可以是对所陈述观点的赞同或反对，也可以是对人的赞扬、同情、憎恨等。作者的思想倾向和感情色彩通常会流露于字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，考生应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是能体现作者感情色彩的词。例如：
...Forgetfulness seems to many people an inevitable(不可避免的) part of ageing. As our bodies grow older，most of us find that many things we should remember are slipping out of minds. But new facts show that it’s possible to slow time’s effects on our minds. ...（2010年泰州）
69. The writer thinks that __________. is a big problem we face as we grow older.
A. illnessB. cellD. dietD. forgetfulness
[简析]解该题时，考生应反复研读上面一段文字，从中不难推断出作者的观点是“随着年龄的增大，健忘是不可避免的一大问题”。因此正确答案是D。
（3） 利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断
几乎每篇文章中都会有一些内容带有褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了作者的心理和写作意图，恰当地把握好这些信息，也能帮助考生准确地对文章或作者的观点进行逻辑判断。例如：
...You may have heard the expression “curiosity killed the cat”. This means caring too much about things that are not your business might cause problems....（2010年常州）
25. In which of the following situations do we most probably use the expression “curiosity killed the cat”？
A. Someone always asked a lady her age or weight and it made her angry.
B. Someone promised to keep a secret but he failed to do so.
C. Someone won the first prize in an English singing competition and he felt very excited.
D. Someone tried to swim across the Yangtze River with his newly broken legs.
[简析]解该题时，考生若凭空臆断则比较容易错；若能注意到原文中的 “too much” 一词，同时结合“女士忌讳被询问年龄和体重”这个常识，就不难作出正确的判断了。选A。
4.主旨大意题
主旨大意题旨在考查考生把握全文主题大意和中心思想的能力，也包括分析、归纳文章段落大意、重要情节、人物特征以及环境特点等能力。做这类试题需要考生具有总体把握文章的能力，以及善于运用概念、判断、归纳推理等逻辑思维能力。同时考生应特别注意的是，一切从文章本身出发，切忌主观臆断。一般而言，英语文章的主题往往用很少几个词加以概括，通常具体反映在文章的题目或一段短文的小标题上；不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题，例如新闻报道，第一段通常是内容梗概，这一段往往表达了文章的中心思想。但也要注意，不少文章的中心思想也常贯穿于全文之中。主题段通常简要概括文章中心思想，而主题句通常在一段的开头或结尾，偶尔也出现在段中。考生在给文章选择标题时，除了考虑标题与文章主题的联系外，还需注意标题对文章的概括性，既不能太过狭窄——概括不够，也不能大包大揽——过度概括。例如：
...When I went back to school，his smile often appeared in my mind. I don’t know whether we’ll meet each other again，but his sweet smile will stay there in my memory and deep in my heart. Smiling is the most peaceful language in the daily life....（2010年镇江）
28. What does the writer mainly want to tell us in the story？
A. The way to choose a right computer.
B. The way to use a computer correctly.
C. The importance of smiling in the daily life.
D. The importance of computers in the daily life.
[简析]解该题时，考生应反复研读最后一段文章。不难发现文章的最后一句话 “Smiling is the most peaceful language in the daily life.” 是这篇文章的中心句。选项C和主题句强调内容一致。选C。
实战演练
（A）
Having fun “Growing” and “Stealing”？
Recently，the Internet has become a new fashion among young office workers and students. People can “farm” on a piece of“land” and “grow”，“sell” or even “steal”“vegetables”，“flowers”，and “fruits” on the Net. They can earn some e-money and buy more “seeds”，“pets”，and even “houses”.
Joyce interviewed some young people. Here are their opinions.
Harold:I don’t quite understand why they are so mad about the childish game. Maybe they are just not confident enough to face the real world.
Allan:I enjoy putting some “bugs” in my friends’ gardens and we’ve become closer because of the game. Having fun together is the most exciting thing about it.
Laura:You know，people in the city are longing for ( = looking forward to) the life in the countryside. It reduces (减轻) my work pressure. Besides，it gives me the exciting experience of being a “thief”.
Ivy:Well，it’s just a waste of time. Teenagers playing the game spend so many hours on it that they cannot focus on their study.
1. According to the passage，people can’t __________. things in this game.
A. grow B. borrowC. stealD. sell
2. From Laura’s words，we can guess that she’s most probably __________..
A. a studentB. an office worker C. a farmer D. a thief
3. Which is Not the reason why people like the game？
A. They are longing for country life.
B. They can have fun with friends.
C. The game can relax people and give them a new experience.
D. They are confident enough to face the real world.
4. Where can you find this passage？
A. In a car magazine. B. In an advertisement.
C. In a newspaper.D. In a science book.
（B）
A mascot (吉祥物) is very important to an event. Do you know what the mascot of Shanghai World Expo 2010 is？Well，it is Haibao. It can be seen almost everywhere in China now. The inspiration of the design comes from a Chinese word “ren”，which means“people” in English. It really looks like a man putting up his hands and saying hello to everyone. The name，Haibao，comes from the Chinese phrase “Si Hai Zhi Bao”. “Hai” means the sea in English，and it also implies (隐含) that it was born in Shanghai. “Bao” is a lucky name in Chinese traditional culture. The name not only means the treasure (宝藏) of the sea，but also means the treasure of Shanghai.
Every part of Haibao’s body has its special meaning. For example，Haibao’s hair is like the wave of the sea. Its smiling face shows its friendliness. Haibao was designed by two artists，one from Shanghai and the other from Taiwan. The design is very successful. It is very easy to remember and it also shows the theme of Shanghai World Expo，“Better City，Better Life.” Haibao is confident，lovely and lively. It is a good ambassador(形象大使) of Shanghai World Expo. It is welcoming friends all over the world with its opening arms and friendly smile.
1. What’s the meaning of the name “Haibao” in the passage？
A. It means sea water.
B. It means the Chinese word “ren”.
C. It means the treasure of the sea and Shanghai.
D. It means a smiling face.
2. How many artists designed the mascot？
A. Two B. Three C. Five D. Eight.
3. What is the theme of Shanghai World Expo 2010？
A. Better City，Better Life.B. One World，One Dream.
C. Welcome Home. D. Share the Spirit.
4. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage？
A. Haibao has curly hair and a smiling face.
B. Haibao looks like a man saying hello to everyone.
C. The artists who designed Haibao come from the same place.
D. Haibao is a lucky name in Chinese culture.
（C）
When you see the girl for the first time，you may think she is a boy. She is very outgoing. Who is she？ Wang Meng，the Chinese top skater.
On the evening of February 26th，2010，Wang Meng first got to the finishing line in 1 minute and 29.213 seconds in the women’s 1000 meters short track speed skating final (短道速滑决赛) at the Vancouver Olympic Winter Games (温哥华冬奥会). After she succeeded in the 500-meter and 3000-meter races，she won her third gold medal this time. With this one China won after gold medals in the women’s short track speed skating. That helped China first win the team gold medal in Winter Olympics history.
Just before the final race，Wang Meng caught a bad cold and coughed terribly. With the words of “You can，you can do it!” she won at last. She said，“I really feel these three gold medals belong to my team，to China. It was with the help of my team that I won the prize.”
Though Wang Meng is only twenty-four，she has been the most successful Chinese skater. We Chinese are proud of her and her team. We hope she will be faster in Sochi Olympics in 2014.
1. China won __________. gold medals in the women’s short track speed skating.
A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5
2. It took Wang Meng 1 minute and 29.213 seconds to finish the __________. short track speed skating final.
A. women’s 1000 B. men’s 1000
C. women’s 500 D. men’s 500
3. In Wang Meng’s opinion，__________. made her win the prize at last.
A. a strong body B. a bad cold
C. her team’s helpD. much exercise
4. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage？
A. Wang Meng is very outgoing like a boy.
B. Wang Meng is the most successful Chinese skater.
C. Chinese people are proud of Wang Meng and her team.
D. China has got the team gold medal twice in Winter Olympics history.
（D）
We recycle (回收利用) rubbish，so why not language？ Recycling language means using vocabulary that you have learnt before again and again. However，unlike rubbish that piles up (堆积) in our environment，if we do not recycle language，we simply forget it. So how do we recycle language？
There are basically three ways to do it. The first is through reading. Go back to your favourite articles and read sure about，make a guess and you will probably guess right. The second way to recycle is through writing. Look at some of your favourite articles and write either a short paragraph or a few sentences in your own words. After you have done this a few times，go back and read through what you have written，checking vocabulary functions. Don’t worry if you have made mistakes. That’s how you learn. The third way to recycle language is by having an imaginary chat with yourself about your favourite articles at home. You can pretend there is someone with you who speaks English and tell him what you are thinking about or how you feel.
1. According to the passage，recycling language means.
A. repeating vocabulary at times
B. revising vocabulary at a proper time
C. learning new vocabulary as much as possible
D. using vocabulary that we have learnt very often
2. If we don’t recycle language，it may.
A. be kept in our mindsB. be forgotten easily
C. pile up in our environment D. disappear from our mind soon
3. The second way to recycle language tells us to.
A. rewrite our favourite articles
B. pay more attention to mistakes
C. practice spoken English with someone
D. pay no attention to vocabulary functions
4. Which of the following is probably the best title of the passage？
A. Why to Recycle Language B. How to Learn Vocabulary
C. How to Recycle Language D. Why to Learn Vocabulary
A:BBDCB:CAACC:CACDD:DBAC
《课程标准》对初中毕业生英语阅读技能的要求是：（1）能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；（2）能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；（3）能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事的发展和可能的结局；（4）能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；（5）能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；（6）能利用字典等工具书进行学习；（7）除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上。
《课程标准》要求学生既能理解个别句子的意义，也能理解上下文的逻辑关系；既能理解字面的意思，也能理解隐含的意思；既能理解事实和细节，也能理解所读材料的主旨和大意；能就文章的内容进行判断、推理和信息转换。
命题特点
1.语篇选材贴近生活，内容积极，体裁多样，题材广泛。命题选材主要包括日常生活中的故事、人物传记、社会、文化、环境、资源、史地、科普、政治、经济、趣闻、广告等，语言纯正，凸显当地风土人情，展示英语语言文化。有较丰富的文化内涵，关注社会焦点，紧随科技前沿，极具时代性，使阅读能力的考查源于生活，且回归生活。语篇体裁有记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等。各种体裁的文章所占比例均衡。选材一般会避开有学科、性别、城乡差别等倾向的文章，以实现公平、公正的原则。
2.注重考查学生的阅读技能和理解能力。命题主要考查学生捕捉语篇中具体事实和细节的能力（包括人物关系、时间、地点、事件等），根据上下文和构词法推断、理解词义和句义的能力，就文章内容进行主旨大意的概括、作者态度及观点的推断和信息转换的能力。
3.加大考查学生推断词义能力的力度。要求考生根据上下文或整篇文章做出推断，以检测考生利用构词法或经验常识等猜测词义的能力，进而在较高级的措辞中，揣摩作者的隐含之意。
4.考点分布均衡，试题科学有效，干扰项干扰作用增大。试题设计符合学生的认知水平和理解能力，有效避免了背离生活常识和语篇本意的偏题、怪题；题干简洁明了，既避免了长句、难句，又避免了生硬的套语；选项表意清楚，关系合理，干扰有效，答案唯一，杜绝了模棱两可的选项设计。干扰项只有涉及到语篇内容才能发挥干扰的功能，各地在命题时都能严格把握这一点，试题在干扰项的设计上水平逐年提高，干扰作用明显增大。
中考阅读理解题，无论体裁和题材如何，其命题的种类大体可以归纳为四种：细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题、主旨大意题。
解题技巧
1.细节理解题
《课程标准》中对初三学生提出的阅读要求包括：能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息。对这种“获取信息”能力的考查，主要采用的方式就是“细节理解及判断”。这类题在中考阅读理解题中占有较大的比例，做对这类题是确保基础分的关键。同时，理清细节，获取精准信息，也是正确把握文章主旨大意的前提。
这类题的特点是其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。做这类题一般要求考生先略读文章，领悟大意，同时理解文章结构层次及细节，尤其要注意六个W（who，where，when，which，what，why）和一个H（how）以及数字、日期、时间、同位语等。然后再带着问题通过“找读法”快速锁定该细节在文中的位置，最后用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项。题干的设置往往有according to the author (passage) 这样的限制语，回答时，考生一定要以文章所谈到的内容为依据，而不要凭自己的观点或经验选择不符合文章内容的答案。如果所问内容是由数字表示的事实或细节，如时间、价格、次数等，要在正确理解题干的基础上再进行必要的计算，不能轻易将文中给出的数字当成正确答案，以免“张冠李戴”。如果问题中含有否定意义的词语，如not，except (for)，least，never等，要特别留心，以免选择相反的答案。考生还要准确把握指代关系，阅读时常常会遇到一些代词，如it，its，they，them，their，this，that，these，those，one，ones等，用来代替上文提到的人、事或物，对其指代关系的理解往往是至关重要的。例如：
...But the first barbecues，in fact，were the invention of the Taino Indians of Haiti，who dried their meat on raised frames (架子) of sticks over fires....
（2010年连云港）
34. Who invented the barbecues first in history？
A. American people. B. Taino Indians.
C. Spanish explorers. D. English settlers.
[简析]解该题时，根据问题，可以在文章中直接找到解题的信息所在（the first barbecues，in fact，were the invention of the Taino Indians of Haiti），根据此信息可以确定该题的正确答案是B项。
2.词义猜测题
猜测词义是英语泛读过程中必须具备的能力之一。考生应在准确理解上下文的基础上，利用已学过的构词法（如前缀、后缀、词根等），通过举例、定义、对比、因果、常识等线索推测词义。通常考生可采用以下方法：
（1） 利用举例猜词
为了说明或证实自己的观点，作者往往会采取举例的方式，考生可借助这些例子猜测生词的大意。例如：
...It shows that the barbecue had its social occasion by that time. Large animals would be roasted whole on frames over hot fires，and neighbours would be invited to dinner....（2010年连云港）
36. The underlined expression “social occasion” can be best translated into __________.
A. 社交功能 B. 社会福利 C. 社会地位 D. 社会背景
[简析]解该题时，通过例句“neighbours would be invited to dinner（邀请邻居来用餐）”，可以推测出“ social occasion”的词义应该是“社交功能”。选A。
（2） 利用定义解释猜词
有些文章，尤其是说明文，通常会对一些关键性的词下定义或解释说明，考生就可以锁定这些定义或解释来猜测生词的大意。例如：
...Green fashion is about making(and wearing)clothes that are good for humans，animals，and the Earth....（2010年苏州）
26. According to the passage，what is “green fashion”？
A. Wearing the colour green all the time.
B. Making clothes from green trees.
C. Putting green make-up on your face.
D. Wearing clothes that are good for the Earth.
[简析]解该题时，只要根据句中表语的内容就可以知道该题的正确答案了。选D。
（3） 利用词义的关联性猜词
词汇组成了句子，句子又组成语篇。任何一个词汇在句子甚至在语篇中都会与其它词汇有联系。考生可以通过这种上下文的联系来猜测生词的大意。例如：
...They flew on and on till they couldn’t see the land and there was nothing but water on all sides. The crow was making fewer and fewer comments. He was now so exhausted that he found it hard to stay in the air，and had to struggle to keep himself from falling into the water....（2010年常州）
22. What does the underlined word “exhausted” in Paragraph 4 mean？
A. Tired B. Bored C. Nervous D. Frightened
[简析]解该题时，首先要反复阅读该小节，并关注到 “flew on and on（一直飞）”，“was making fewer and fewer comments（作的评价越来越少）”，“he found it hard to stay in the air（发现在空中飞很难）”，“had to struggle to keep himself from falling into the water（不得不挣扎着不让自己坠入水中）”，利用这些相关的信息，考生应该能够猜出 “exhausted” 意为“筋疲力尽的”。故选A。
（4） 利用经验常识猜词
语言源于生活，阅读材料也是如此。因此有些生词考生可以凭借生活常识和经验来判定。例如：
...“I am!” shouted Barg，and he drunk all the water out of the mountain lake. His stomach swelled like a balloon，but he held the water strung....（2010年南京）
36. The word “swelled” in Paragraph 8 means “__________.”.
A. flew higher and farther B. became larger and rounder
C. got heavier and smaller D. grew lighter and faster
[简析]解该题时，结合生活常识应该知道喝了很多水后，肚子会像气球一样又大又圆。因此本题的正确答案是B。
3.推理判断题
这类考题主要对短文的结论、隐含意义（寓意）、作者的倾向、写作的目的等进行考查。解题时要纵观全文，在汇集短文提供的各项信息的基础上，严格按照短文陈述的观点或描述事实，进行正确的、合乎逻辑的推论和引申。有时还可能要求考生对原文中没有提及的情况进行推理和想象，对题目中提出的各种可能性进行推敲，从而选出符合原文信息或作者意图的最佳答案。这类题对考生来说难度较大，没有把握。通常考生可采用以下方法：
（1） 结合已有的相关信息进行推断
考生需根据文中所阐述的细节，结合自己掌握的相关知识进行分析和推敲，以得出与文章原义一致的结论。例如：
...People often say they feel good when the sun is shining and sad when it is cloudy. In fact，sunlight makes us feel good. When sunlight hits our skins，our bodies produce a vitamin. Vitamins are natural chemicals (化学物质) which we all need to stay healthy. Sunlight helps our bodies produce vitamin D. Vitamin D helps our bodies make a special chemical. This special chemical affects our brains (大脑) and makes us feel happy. For example，there are long，dark winters of little sunlight in Sweden and Norway，so many people in these countries often feel sad. Without much sunlight，their bodies produce less vitamin D. Without enough vitamin D，their bodies make less of this special chemical which makes them feel good. To help the people in these countries feel better，special “sunrooms” with artificial (人造的) lights have been built. People can go there and get “sunlight” for an hour or two!
The weather can also affect people’s emotions in other ways. Hot weather can make people angry because people feel uncomfortable when they are hot. In the same way，rain can make people angry because being wet can be unpleasant....
（2010年常州）
32. What can we infer (推断) from the passage？
A. We feel good when we are in the bright cool weather.
B. We will be happy when we are caught in the rain.
C. All people in Norway and Sweden feel sad in winter.
D. The more vitamin D you have，the happier you’ll be.
[简析]解该题时，考生应仔细研读文章。四个选项中，选项B是明显背离原文 “rain can make people angry because being wet can be unpleasant”的；选项C 的内容和原文“dark winters of little sunlight in Sweden and Norway，so many people in these countries often feel sad”几乎相同，但选项中的 “all” 因扩大范围而产生偏差；选项D则是以“偷梁换柱”的手法迷惑考生，达到干扰的目的。因此正确答案是A。
（2） 根据文章的结论推断作者的观点或态度
作者的态度可以是对所陈述观点的赞同或反对，也可以是对人的赞扬、同情、憎恨等。作者的思想倾向和感情色彩通常会流露于字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，考生应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是能体现作者感情色彩的词。例如：
...Forgetfulness seems to many people an inevitable(不可避免的) part of ageing. As our bodies grow older，most of us find that many things we should remember are slipping out of minds. But new facts show that it’s possible to slow time’s effects on our minds. ...（2010年泰州）
69. The writer thinks that __________. is a big problem we face as we grow older.
A. illnessB. cellD. dietD. forgetfulness
[简析]解该题时，考生应反复研读上面一段文字，从中不难推断出作者的观点是“随着年龄的增大，健忘是不可避免的一大问题”。因此正确答案是D。
（3） 利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断
几乎每篇文章中都会有一些内容带有褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了作者的心理和写作意图，恰当地把握好这些信息，也能帮助考生准确地对文章或作者的观点进行逻辑判断。例如：
...You may have heard the expression “curiosity killed the cat”. This means caring too much about things that are not your business might cause problems....（2010年常州）
25. In which of the following situations do we most probably use the expression “curiosity killed the cat”？
A. Someone always asked a lady her age or weight and it made her angry.
B. Someone promised to keep a secret but he failed to do so.
C. Someone won the first prize in an English singing competition and he felt very excited.
D. Someone tried to swim across the Yangtze River with his newly broken legs.
[简析]解该题时，考生若凭空臆断则比较容易错；若能注意到原文中的 “too much” 一词，同时结合“女士忌讳被询问年龄和体重”这个常识，就不难作出正确的判断了。选A。
4.主旨大意题
主旨大意题旨在考查考生把握全文主题大意和中心思想的能力，也包括分析、归纳文章段落大意、重要情节、人物特征以及环境特点等能力。做这类试题需要考生具有总体把握文章的能力，以及善于运用概念、判断、归纳推理等逻辑思维能力。同时考生应特别注意的是，一切从文章本身出发，切忌主观臆断。一般而言，英语文章的主题往往用很少几个词加以概括，通常具体反映在文章的题目或一段短文的小标题上；不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题，例如新闻报道，第一段通常是内容梗概，这一段往往表达了文章的中心思想。但也要注意，不少文章的中心思想也常贯穿于全文之中。主题段通常简要概括文章中心思想，而主题句通常在一段的开头或结尾，偶尔也出现在段中。考生在给文章选择标题时，除了考虑标题与文章主题的联系外，还需注意标题对文章的概括性，既不能太过狭窄——概括不够，也不能大包大揽——过度概括。例如：
...When I went back to school，his smile often appeared in my mind. I don’t know whether we’ll meet each other again，but his sweet smile will stay there in my memory and deep in my heart. Smiling is the most peaceful language in the daily life....（2010年镇江）
28. What does the writer mainly want to tell us in the story？
A. The way to choose a right computer.
B. The way to use a computer correctly.
C. The importance of smiling in the daily life.
D. The importance of computers in the daily life.
[简析]解该题时，考生应反复研读最后一段文章。不难发现文章的最后一句话 “Smiling is the most peaceful language in the daily life.” 是这篇文章的中心句。选项C和主题句强调内容一致。选C。
实战演练
（A）
Having fun “Growing” and “Stealing”？
Recently，the Internet has become a new fashion among young office workers and students. People can “farm” on a piece of“land” and “grow”，“sell” or even “steal”“vegetables”，“flowers”，and “fruits” on the Net. They can earn some e-money and buy more “seeds”，“pets”，and even “houses”.
Joyce interviewed some young people. Here are their opinions.
Harold:I don’t quite understand why they are so mad about the childish game. Maybe they are just not confident enough to face the real world.
Allan:I enjoy putting some “bugs” in my friends’ gardens and we’ve become closer because of the game. Having fun together is the most exciting thing about it.
Laura:You know，people in the city are longing for ( = looking forward to) the life in the countryside. It reduces (减轻) my work pressure. Besides，it gives me the exciting experience of being a “thief”.
Ivy:Well，it’s just a waste of time. Teenagers playing the game spend so many hours on it that they cannot focus on their study.
1. According to the passage，people can’t __________. things in this game.
A. grow B. borrowC. stealD. sell
2. From Laura’s words，we can guess that she’s most probably __________..
A. a studentB. an office worker C. a farmer D. a thief
3. Which is Not the reason why people like the game？
A. They are longing for country life.
B. They can have fun with friends.
C. The game can relax people and give them a new experience.
D. They are confident enough to face the real world.
4. Where can you find this passage？
A. In a car magazine. B. In an advertisement.
C. In a newspaper.D. In a science book.
（B）
A mascot (吉祥物) is very important to an event. Do you know what the mascot of Shanghai World Expo 2010 is？Well，it is Haibao. It can be seen almost everywhere in China now. The inspiration of the design comes from a Chinese word “ren”，which means“people” in English. It really looks like a man putting up his hands and saying hello to everyone. The name，Haibao，comes from the Chinese phrase “Si Hai Zhi Bao”. “Hai” means the sea in English，and it also implies (隐含) that it was born in Shanghai. “Bao” is a lucky name in Chinese traditional culture. The name not only means the treasure (宝藏) of the sea，but also means the treasure of Shanghai.
Every part of Haibao’s body has its special meaning. For example，Haibao’s hair is like the wave of the sea. Its smiling face shows its friendliness. Haibao was designed by two artists，one from Shanghai and the other from Taiwan. The design is very successful. It is very easy to remember and it also shows the theme of Shanghai World Expo，“Better City，Better Life.” Haibao is confident，lovely and lively. It is a good ambassador(形象大使) of Shanghai World Expo. It is welcoming friends all over the world with its opening arms and friendly smile.
1. What’s the meaning of the name “Haibao” in the passage？
A. It means sea water.
B. It means the Chinese word “ren”.
C. It means the treasure of the sea and Shanghai.
D. It means a smiling face.
2. How many artists designed the mascot？
A. Two B. Three C. Five D. Eight.
3. What is the theme of Shanghai World Expo 2010？
A. Better City，Better Life.B. One World，One Dream.
C. Welcome Home. D. Share the Spirit.
4. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage？
A. Haibao has curly hair and a smiling face.
B. Haibao looks like a man saying hello to everyone.
C. The artists who designed Haibao come from the same place.
D. Haibao is a lucky name in Chinese culture.
（C）
When you see the girl for the first time，you may think she is a boy. She is very outgoing. Who is she？ Wang Meng，the Chinese top skater.
On the evening of February 26th，2010，Wang Meng first got to the finishing line in 1 minute and 29.213 seconds in the women’s 1000 meters short track speed skating final (短道速滑决赛) at the Vancouver Olympic Winter Games (温哥华冬奥会). After she succeeded in the 500-meter and 3000-meter races，she won her third gold medal this time. With this one China won after gold medals in the women’s short track speed skating. That helped China first win the team gold medal in Winter Olympics history.
Just before the final race，Wang Meng caught a bad cold and coughed terribly. With the words of “You can，you can do it!” she won at last. She said，“I really feel these three gold medals belong to my team，to China. It was with the help of my team that I won the prize.”
Though Wang Meng is only twenty-four，she has been the most successful Chinese skater. We Chinese are proud of her and her team. We hope she will be faster in Sochi Olympics in 2014.
1. China won __________. gold medals in the women’s short track speed skating.
A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5
2. It took Wang Meng 1 minute and 29.213 seconds to finish the __________. short track speed skating final.
A. women’s 1000 B. men’s 1000
C. women’s 500 D. men’s 500
3. In Wang Meng’s opinion，__________. made her win the prize at last.
A. a strong body B. a bad cold
C. her team’s helpD. much exercise
4. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage？
A. Wang Meng is very outgoing like a boy.
B. Wang Meng is the most successful Chinese skater.
C. Chinese people are proud of Wang Meng and her team.
D. China has got the team gold medal twice in Winter Olympics history.
（D）
We recycle (回收利用) rubbish，so why not language？ Recycling language means using vocabulary that you have learnt before again and again. However，unlike rubbish that piles up (堆积) in our environment，if we do not recycle language，we simply forget it. So how do we recycle language？
There are basically three ways to do it. The first is through reading. Go back to your favourite articles and read sure about，make a guess and you will probably guess right. The second way to recycle is through writing. Look at some of your favourite articles and write either a short paragraph or a few sentences in your own words. After you have done this a few times，go back and read through what you have written，checking vocabulary functions. Don’t worry if you have made mistakes. That’s how you learn. The third way to recycle language is by having an imaginary chat with yourself about your favourite articles at home. You can pretend there is someone with you who speaks English and tell him what you are thinking about or how you feel.
1. According to the passage，recycling language means.
A. repeating vocabulary at times
B. revising vocabulary at a proper time
C. learning new vocabulary as much as possible
D. using vocabulary that we have learnt very often
2. If we don’t recycle language，it may.
A. be kept in our mindsB. be forgotten easily
C. pile up in our environment D. disappear from our mind soon
3. The second way to recycle language tells us to.
A. rewrite our favourite articles
B. pay more attention to mistakes
C. practice spoken English with someone
D. pay no attention to vocabulary functions
4. Which of the following is probably the best title of the passage？
A. Why to Recycle Language B. How to Learn Vocabulary
C. How to Recycle Language D. Why to Learn Vocabulary
A:BBDCB:CAACC:CACDD:DBAC