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目的了解西藏青年学生艾滋病防治相关知识知晓、高危行为及艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染状况。方法采用分层和单纯随机抽样方法相结合进行抽样,采用Epidata软件建立数据库,应用SPSS 18.0软件进行数据分析。结果共调查大学、大专、职高和中专在读学生5 095人,男女性别比约1∶1,平均年龄为(17.1±1.7)岁;藏族占93.90%(4 784人)。艾滋病防治相关知识的总体知晓率为40.43%(2 060人);不同学校学生艾滋病防治知识答对6个题的正确知晓率差异有统计学意义(χ2=193.79,P<0.005),大学和大专学生的满分率均高于职高和中专学生(χ2=36.35,P<0.005);不同民族学生艾滋病防治知识知晓率差异有统计学意义(χ2=39.23,P<0.05),汉族学生高于其他少数民族学生;不同性别学生艾滋病防治知识知晓差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.31,P<0.05),男生略高于女生。有过性行为的学生占1.96%(100人),首次性行为时的平均年龄为(16±0.42)岁;有吸毒行为的学生占0.08%(4人)。未检出HIV阳性者,梅毒阳性率0.08%(4人),丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)阳性率0.29%(15人)。结论西藏青年学生艾滋病知识知晓率低,存在高危行为,有梅毒和HCV感染的病例,存在感染HIV的风险,亟待加强青年学生中艾滋病性病防治知识的宣传教育和相关行为干预。
Objective To understand the knowledge, high-risk behaviors and HIV status of HIV / AIDS prevention and treatment among Tibetan young students. Methods Sampling was carried out by combining stratified and simple random sampling methods. Epidata software was used to establish the database and SPSS 18.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results A total of 5 095 students were enrolled in universities, colleges, vocational high schools and technical secondary schools. The sex ratio of men to women was about 1: 1, with an average age of (17.1 ± 1.7) years. Tibetans accounted for 93.90% (4 784). The overall awareness rate of HIV / AIDS related knowledge was 40.43% (2 060). There was significant difference in the correct awareness of AIDS prevention and treatment among 6 different schools (χ2 = 193.79, P <0.005), and college and college students (Χ2 = 36.35, P <0.005). There was significant difference in knowledge of HIV / AIDS among different ethnic groups (χ2 = 39.23, P <0.05), while Han students were higher than other minority Ethnic students; knowledge of AIDS prevention and treatment among different gender students was significantly different (χ2 = 6.31, P <0.05), male students slightly higher than girls. 1.96% (100) of students who had had sex, and (16 ± 0.42) years of age at first sex; and 0.08% (4) of students who had drug abuse. The positive rate of syphilis was 0.08% (4 persons) and the positive rate of hepatitis C virus (HCV) was 0.29% (15 persons). Conclusion There is a low awareness of HIV / AIDS among young students in Tibet. There are high-risk behaviors, cases of syphilis and HCV infection, and the risk of HIV infection among young students in Tibet. Publicity and education and relevant behavioral interventions are needed to strengthen HIV / AIDS prevention and treatment among young students.