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为了解加油站工人职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSD)状况及其相关影响因素。选择华北地区工龄≥1 a的加油站工人为调查对象。将加油站按其地理位置进行编号,根据数字表随机抽取加油站40个,再以加油站为单位作整群抽样。排除由外伤引起的肌肉骨骼疾患。发放问卷601份,回收有效问卷561份,问卷回收率93.3%。问卷内容包括WMSD、职业应激、职业疲劳、工作满意度以及抑郁等。结果显示,调查对象年龄范围18~40岁,平均年龄为(27.8±5.2)岁;平均工龄为(6.5±2.4)a。加油站员工不同部位肌肉骨骼疾患的发生率为51.2%,其中发生频率每月1次的为26.8%,46.0%的加油站员工回答肌肉骨骼疾患的发生频率为1年数次,近21.9%的加油站员工肌肉骨骼疾患的发生频率很高,达到每天或每周1次。而3.5%的工人肌肉骨骼疾患的发生没有确切的规律,主要发生在下夜班、上班一段时间后、休息后等。肌肉骨骼疾患组工作控制、疲劳、工作满意度得分低于非肌肉骨骼疾患组(P<0.01),而该组的工作需求和抑郁得分明显偏高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。社会支持在肌肉骨骼疾患和非骨骼肌肉疾患组之间无显著差异。Logistic分析显示,在影响肌肉骨骼疾患因素中,疲劳和工作满意度是最主要的因素(P<0.001或P<0.01),此外工龄、抑郁、工作需求和工作控制也对肌肉骨骼疾患产生一定程度的影响(P<0.05)。提示,加油站员工WMSD发生率较高,与职业心理健康存在相关关系。
To understand the status of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) and related factors in gas station workers. Select gas station workers in North China with a working age ≥1 a as survey subjects. Gas stations will be numbered according to their geographical location, according to the digital table randomly selected 40 gas stations, and then to the gas station for the entire cluster sampling. Exclude musculoskeletal disorders caused by trauma. 601 questionnaires were issued, 561 valid questionnaires were collected, and the questionnaire recovery rate was 93.3%. The questionnaire includes WMSD, occupational stress, occupational fatigue, job satisfaction and depression. The results showed that the survey subjects ranged in age from 18 to 40 years with an average age of (27.8 ± 5.2) years and an average length of 6.5 ± 2.4 years. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in different parts of the gas station staff was 51.2%, of which 26.8% occurred once a month. Forty-six percent of the gas station staff responded to musculoskeletal disorders for a frequency of 1 year and nearly 21.9% Gas station employees have a high frequency of musculoskeletal disorders, reaching daily or weekly. 3.5% of the workers do not have the exact pattern of musculoskeletal disorders, mainly occurring in the night shift, after working for a period of time, and after a break. The score of job control, fatigue and job satisfaction in patients with musculoskeletal disorders was lower than those in non-musculoskeletal patients (P <0.01), while the work needs and depression scores of the patients with musculoskeletal disorders were significantly higher (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Social support did not differ significantly between the musculoskeletal and non-skeletal muscle disorders groups. Logistic analysis showed that fatigue and job satisfaction were the most important factors (P <0.001 or P <0.01) among the factors affecting musculoskeletal disorders. In addition, length of service, depression, job requirements and job control also produced some degree of musculoskeletal disorders (P <0.05). Tip, gas station staff WMSD higher incidence, and occupational mental health related.