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为揭示水稻秸秆还田对土壤真菌群落结构的长期影响,采用荧光定量PCR和PCR-DGGE技术分析了秸秆还田90,180,270 d和360 d的土壤真菌基因丰度和群落结构组成演变趋势,并利用冗余分析(RDA)研究土壤真菌群落结构变化与环境因子的关系。结果表明:随着秸秆还田时间的增加,土壤真菌群体数量和多样性指数(H、R和E)显著增加,在360 d时达到最高。对DGGE图谱的特征条带进行胶回收、测序,系统进化分析表明,土壤真菌主要种群包括:接合菌(Zygomycete sp.)、盐腐霉菌(Pythium salinum)、肉盘菌(Uncultured Sarcosomataceae)、牛粪盘菌(Ascobolus stercorarius)、大链壶菌(Lagenidium giganteum)、青霉菌(Penicillium sp.)、曲霉属真菌(Aspergillus sp.)和疏绵状丝孢菌(Thermomyces lanuginosus)、灰绿曲霉菌(Aspergillus glaucus)、禾谷多粘菌(Polymyxa graminis)和枝顶孢霉菌(Acremonium sp.),其中青霉菌(Penicillium sp.)、曲霉属真菌(Aspergillus sp.)和枝顶孢霉菌(Acremonium sp.)具有纤维素降解能力,而枝顶孢霉菌(Acremonium sp.)在90 d时成为新的优势菌群。RDA分析表明,90 d和180 d秸秆还田与对照土壤的真菌群落结构较为类似,270 d和360 d的秸秆还田与对照土壤的真菌群落结构发生了明显变化。土壤有机碳、pH和速效磷是引起土壤真菌群落结构及多样性变异的主要因素。
In order to reveal the long-term effect of rice straw returning to soil fungal community structure, we analyzed the evolution of soil fungal gene abundance and community structure at 90,180,270 d and 360 d by fluorescence quantitative PCR and PCR-DGGE, Residual Analysis (RDA) Study on the relationship between soil fungal community structure and environmental factors. The results showed that with the increase of straw returning time, the population of fungi in soil and diversity index (H, R and E) increased significantly and reached the highest at 360 d. Phytogenetic analysis showed that the main fungi of soil fungi included Zygomycete sp., Pythium salinum, Uncultured Sarcosomataceae, cow dung Ascobolus stercorarius, Lagenidium giganteum, Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp. And Thermomyces lanuginosus, Aspergillus species, glaucus, Polymyxa graminis, and Acremonium sp., of which Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp. and Acremonium sp. have fibers Acremonium sp. Became the new predominant flora at 90 days. RDA analysis showed that the fungal community structures of 90 days and 180 days of straw returning were similar to those of the control soils. The fungal community structure of straw returning and control soils for 270 days and 360 days changed significantly. Soil organic carbon, pH and available phosphorus were the main factors causing the variation of soil fungal community structure and diversity.