[目的]查明德化县病毒性脑膜炎暴发的规模,明确发病病因、高危人群,提出针对性的控制措施。[方法]对2011年发生在德化县的病毒性脑膜炎暴发疫情进行现场流行病学调查和病原学检测。[结果]2011年1月1日至6月6日,合计发病104例,分布在9个乡镇,其中县城90例(占86.54%),男性71例、女性33例,年龄3～14岁,5月63例(占58.33%)。卫生习惯得分,36例病人为19.61±2.85分,108名健康对照为24.07±2.73分(P<0.01)。检测6例病人的咽拭子、肛拭子、脑脊液共10份,ECHO 30病毒分离与核酸鉴定均阳性。[结论]此次病毒性脑膜炎暴发是由ECHO30所致,卫生习惯差是发病的重要原因。 [Objective] To identify the scale of outbreak of viral meningitis in Dehua County, clarify the etiological factor and high-risk population, and put forward targeted control measures. [Method] The outbreak of viral meningitis in Dehua County in 2011 was investigated by field epidemiology and pathogenicity test. [Results] From January 1, 2011 to June 6, 2011, a total of 104 cases were found in 9 townships, including 90 county towns (86.54%), 71 males and 33 females, aged from 3 to 14 years old. May 63 cases (58.33%). Health habits score, 36 patients 19.61 ± 2.85 points, 108 healthy controls was 24.07 ± 2.73 points (P <0.01). A total of 10 throat swabs, anal swabs and cerebrospinal fluid were detected in 6 patients. ECHO 30 virus isolation and nucleic acid identification were positive. [Conclusion] The outbreak of viral meningitis is caused by ECHO30, and poor hygiene habits are the important causes of the disease.