生态位是生态学中一个重要的理论概念。1910年,美国学者约翰逊首次提出生态位的概念。英国生物学家格林尼尔对生态位的概念进行了定义,认为生态位是生物在群落中位置和作用的具体体现,并由此认为生态位是一种“行政单位”。此后,哈钦森、惠特克等人分别从不同的角度阐述了生态位界定和意义。生态位理论逐渐被广泛应用于农业、城建、土地评价、教育管理等领域,成为一个研究和探讨问题的独特视角。 Niche is an important theoretical concept in ecology. In 1910, American scholar Johnson first proposed the concept of niche. British biologist Greenini defines the concept of niche and thinks niche is the concrete manifestation of the position and function of the organism in the community. Therefore, niche is an “administrative unit”. Since then, Hutchinson, Whitaker et al. Have elaborated on the definition and significance of niche from different perspectives. The theory of niche has been widely used in fields such as agriculture, urban construction, land evaluation, education management and so on, becoming a unique perspective for researching and exploring issues.