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目的了解不同年龄、不同工龄粉尘作业相关人员肺功能情况,为尘肺病的防治和管理提供科学依据。方法选取2015年在武进区疾病预防控制中心接受体检并做肺功能检查项目的 1 834名粉尘作业人员作为观察组,同时选取接受肺功能检查的1 050名非粉尘作业人员为对照组进行比较。结果观察组的FVC(87.93±9.19)、FEV1(88.65±10.16)和FEV1/FVC(88.15±9.37)均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。观察组的肺功能异常率为26.7%,高于对照组10.3%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=108.7,P<0.01);肺功能异常主要为限制性通气功能障碍24.9%。随着工龄和年龄的不断增加,肺功能异常率有逐渐上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论粉尘暴露会造成作业人群的肺功能下降,建议在加强粉尘作业工人健康监护的同时,应定期对其进行肺功能检查积极防治尘肺病。
Objective To understand the lung function of pneumoconiosis workers of different ages and different working ages and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and management of pneumoconiosis. Methods A total of 1,834 dust practitioners who received physical examinations and lung function tests in Wujin District Center for Disease Control and Prevention were selected as the observation group in 2015. At the same time, 1,050 non-dust workers receiving pulmonary function tests were selected as the control group for comparison. Results The FVC (87.93 ± 9.19), FEV1 (88.65 ± 10.16) and FEV1 / FVC (88.15 ± 9.37) in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P <0.01). The lung function abnormality rate in the observation group was 26.7%, which was higher than that in the control group (10.3%) (χ ~ 2 = 108.7, P <0.01). The main pulmonary function abnormalities were 24.9% of restrictive ventilatory dysfunction. With the increase of seniority and age, the abnormal rate of pulmonary function gradually increased, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Dust exposure may cause lung function decline. It is suggested that, while strengthening the health supervision of dust workers, lung function tests should be carried out on a regular basis to prevent and treat pneumoconiosis.