肺炎支原体是无细胞壁、可自我复制的最小的原核细胞微生物，可以诱发人类呼吸系统疾病，也与循环、神经、消化、皮肤、血液等多个肺外脏器疾病相关。其发病机制尚无明确结论，主要认为与直接损伤、免疫损伤及血管栓塞等有关。各个机制之间相互关联，共同作用导致肺内及各肺外脏器损伤。治疗重点在于病原治疗、免疫支持及抗凝，一些对症支持治疗也很有必要，大部分肺炎支原体相关肺外疾病预后良好。“,”Mycoplasma pneumonia is the smallest free-living and self-replicating prokaryotic microbe being devoid of cell wall, which can not only lead to respiratory system diseases in human, but also play an important role in a wide variety of extrapulmonary diseases, involving cardiovascular, neurological, digestive, skin, hematological systems, and so on.However, the pathomechanisms of mycoplasma pneumonia-related extra-pulmonary diseases(MpEPDs) remain largely unknown.Yet there are three main possible pathomechanisms of mycoplasma pneumonia causing MpEPDs: direct type, immune type and vascular occlusion.They are connected with each other and cooperate on promoting MpEPDs, especially in children and the young.Comprehensive therapeutic strategies cover microbiology, immunology and anticoagulants, while supportive treatments are necessary.Most patients recover from MpEPDs have a favorable prognosis.