在战乱频繁的宗教改革时代,马丁.路德的战争观建立在“两个王国”论基础上,认为战争与宗教应该分离,反对宗教战争;世俗政权由上帝设立,反对反抗暴君的战争。这引起了巨大的争议,在土耳其战争和德国农民战争中表现了出来。与战争伴随而来的是,一些士兵出于基督教仁爱的教义对本身的职业产生了怀疑,路德用天职观解决了这个信仰危机,肯定了士兵是一个正当而神圣的职业,天职的神圣性和世俗性分别对应一个士兵的基督徒和士兵身份,从而调和了二者的内在冲突,而且他提出的以基督徒良心判断是否参加战争具有极其重要的近代意义。 In the era of frequent religious chaos, Martin Luther’s view of war was based on the theory of “two kingdoms” that war and religion should be separated from religious wars. The secular regime was established by God and opposed to the war against tyrants . This caused a huge controversy, manifested in the Turkish war and the German peasant war. What accompanied the war was that some soldiers cast doubt on their careers due to the Christian benevolent doctrine. Luther solved this crisis of faith in his vocation of duty, affirming that the soldier is a proper and sacred profession, the sacredness of vocation And secularity respectively correspond to the identity of a soldier as a Christian and a soldier, so as to reconcile the two internal conflicts, and his proposed judgment of whether to join the war with Christian conscience has an extremely important modern significance.