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目的通过对手足口患者及密切接触者肠道病毒核酸检测,了解每年手足口病的流行趋势及密切接触者肠道病毒感染情况,为手足口病防控措施制定提供一定的科学依据。方法按照《手足口病防控指南》卫生部(2009年版)的规定,采用实时荧光PCR对标本进行肠道病毒核酸通用EV、EV71、Cox A16的检测,用SPSS 18.0软件进行统计分析。结果 2011年-2015年共检测手足口病患者粪便标本246份、密切接触者粪便标本819份,且每年肠道病毒感染的优势毒株类型不一致;2011年-2015年密切接触者肠道病毒感染率分别为48.2%、34.9%、41.1%、54.4%、35.8%;密切接触者中家庭成员与幼儿园同学之间、不同性别之间的肠道病毒感染率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论奉化市存在多种手足口病病毒毒株,优势毒株处于变化之中,密切接触者肠道病毒感染率较高,因此在做好疾病治疗和患者隔离的同时应加强对密切接触者的管理,防止手足口病的蔓延和暴发。
Objective To detect the prevalence of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) and enterovirus infection in close contacts by detecting the enterovirus nucleic acid in foot-mouth patients and close contacts, and to provide some scientific evidences for prevention and control measures of hand-foot-mouth disease. Methods According to the regulations of the Ministry of Health (2009 Edition) of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease Prevention and Control Guideline, real-time fluorescent PCR was used to detect the EVs, EV71 and Cox A16 of enterovirus nucleic acid, and SPSS 18.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 246 faecal samples from hand-foot-mouth disease patients and 819 feces samples from close contacts were detected between 2011 and 2015. The type of predominant strains of enterovirus infection was inconsistent each year. In 2011-2015, The prevalence rates of enterovirus infection among family members and kindergarten students in close contacts were significantly lower than those in other groups (P <0.05), and the rates were 48.2%, 34.9%, 41.1%, 54.4% and 35.8% ). Conclusion There are many hand-foot-mouth disease virus strains in Fenghua City, and the dominant strains are in the process of change. Infection rates of enteroviruses in close contacts are high, therefore, the treatment of disease and isolation of patients should be strengthened, Management to prevent the spread of hand-foot-mouth disease and outbreaks.