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本文利用中国2004年工业企业普查数据测度了中国工业领域的教育收益率总体水平,以及不同行业、不同地区以及不同所有制类型这些领域各自的教育收益率水平。结果发现,在中国的工业领域,教育收益率尚低于世界平均水平,同时在各种制度性市场分割的作用下,教育收益率在各领域的分布也很不均衡。具体表现为,虽然在个别经济发达、开放性高或具有较好国际化程度领域,教育收益率已达到或接近于世界平均水平,然而在绝大部分领域,教育收益率水平仍低于或远低于这一水平。因而只有通过消除或减少劳动力市场的制度性分割,实现劳动力的自由流动,才可以实现教育收益率的合理化和均等化,进而建立统一完善的劳动力市场。
This paper uses China’s 2004 industrial enterprise census data to measure the overall level of educational returns in China’s industrial sector, and the respective level of educational returns in different industries, regions, and different types of ownership. It was found that in China’s industrial sector, the rate of return on education is still lower than the average level in the world. At the same time, under the influence of various institutional market divisions, the distribution of educational returns in various fields is also very uneven. Specifically, although the rate of return on education has reached or is close to the world’s average level in some areas with developed economy, high openness, or good degree of internationalization, in most areas, the rate of return on education is still below or far Below this level. Therefore, only by eliminating or reducing the institutional division of the labor market and realizing the free movement of the labor force can the rationalization and equalization of the educational income rate be achieved, and then a unified and perfect labor market can be established.