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一九三二年诺尔和腊斯卡等人,首次发表了关于电子显微镜的实验和理论研究的文章。因此,人们通常把这一年作为电子显微镜的诞生年。在电子显微镜的基础上进一步发展了电子探针,即在电子显微镜下挑选出所要测定的颗粒、矿物或微区,然后用高聚焦的电子束照射,半定量地测量其元素含量,在测定过程中,样品不遭受破坏。除了能测导电性矿物外,还可测定非导电性矿物。高聚焦的电子束最小直径已达1微米。电子探针再进一步的发展是扫描电子显微镜。即用电子探针进行扫描,可以由点到面深入地进行矿物研究。在同样的精
In 1932 Nol and Lascar et al., For the first time, published articles on the experimental and theoretical studies of electron microscopy. Therefore, people usually take this year as the birth year of electron microscope. Based on the electron microscope, the electron probe is further developed. That is, under the electron microscope, particles, minerals or micro-domains to be measured are selected, and then the semi-quantitative measurement of the element content is performed by using a high-focused electron beam. In the sample is not damaged. In addition to measuring conductive minerals, it is also possible to determine non-conductive minerals. Highly focused electron beam has a minimum diameter of 1 micron. A further development of the electron probe is scanning electron microscopy. That is the use of electronic probe scanning, from point to surface depth of mineral research. In the same essence