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制药生产过程中产生许多化学物对人体具有生物活性,接触这些生物活性物质会产生特殊的职业危害。这些危害主要来自加工制造胶囊、片剂、药丸和颗粒过程中接触扬起的粉尘。国外报道,接触抗生素已观察到由此引起的职业病,其特征表现为低维生素症、肠内菌群的改变,以及对抗菌素的耐药性,有时可有腐生菌群出现致病力的现象。在接触氯霉素的工人中,已发现与使用氯霉素治疗的病例相类似的症状,白细胞减少,轻度血小板减少和淋巴细胞学变化。上呼吸道影响主要见于接触药物粉尘的工人,可有充血及毛细血管麻痹引起的鼻塞和大量流鼻涕。
Many chemicals produced in the pharmaceutical manufacturing process are bioactive to humans and exposure to these bioactives poses special occupational hazards. These hazards are mainly caused by contact with raised dust during the processing of capsules, tablets, pellets and granules. Foreign reports, exposure to antibiotics has been observed as a result of occupational diseases, which are characterized by low vitamin disease, changes in intestinal flora, as well as antibiotic resistance, and sometimes there saprophytic flora virulence phenomenon. Among workers exposed to chloramphenicol, symptoms similar to those treated with chloramphenicol, leukopenia, mild thrombocytopenia and lymphocytic changes have been found. Upper respiratory tract effects are mainly seen in workers exposed to dusts of medicine. There may be congestion and massive runny nose caused by congestion and capillary paralysis.