有效血容量缺乏是外科危重病人经常面临的一个问题,它不仅指显性液体丧失导致的容量绝对不足,也包括由于血管扩张或内皮细胞屏障改变导致的毛细血管广泛渗漏引起的液体相对不足。据统计,20世纪90年代初,美国由于不恰当的液体容量管理导致的术后死亡病人每年约27万例,其中50%~75 The lack of effective hypovolemia is a common problem in critically ill surgical patients not only because of the absolute lack of capacity due to overt fluid loss but also to the relative lack of fluid due to extensive capillary leakage due to vasodilation or endothelial cell barrier changes. According to statistics, in the early 1990s, the number of postoperative deaths caused by improper fluid volume management in the United States was about 270,000 cases per year, of which 50% to 75