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甲硝哒唑(甲硝羟乙唑、灭滴灵、Metronidazole)属5-硝基咪唑类,口服后易吸收,可维持有效血浓度达12小时,能透过血脑屏障,胎盘组织。约70％的药物以不变形式从尿中排出;25％为羟基氧化的羧酸代谢产物;5％为葡萄糖醛酸的结合物。此外,唾液、精液、阴道分泌物与乳汁中也可以发现共代谢产物。近年来该药的临床应用范围逐步扩大,试用于治疗内、外,口腔等科疾病,都取得较为满意的效果。本文拟将近年来有关甲硝哒唑的临床应用及不良反应综述如下。
Metronidazole (metronidazole, metronidazole, Metronidazole) is a 5-nitroimidazole class, easy to absorb after oral administration, can maintain an effective blood concentration of 12 hours, through the blood-brain barrier, placental tissue. Approximately 70% of the drug is excreted in the urine in a constant form; 25% is a hydroxylated carboxylic acid metabolite; and 5% is a glucuronic acid conjugate. In addition, salivary, semen, vaginal secretions and milk can also be found in co-metabolites. In recent years, the clinical application of the drug gradually expanded to try for the treatment of internal and external, oral and other diseases, have achieved more satisfactory results. This article intends to clinical application of metronidazole in recent years and adverse reactions are summarized below.