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由于我国实行“走出去”战略,尤其是在“一带一路”重大战略下,越来越多的中国机构和公民走出国门。与此同时,海外中国公民面临的风险也不断增大,安全问题日益凸显,加强海外突发事件应急管理重要而紧迫。“外交为民”、“海外民生”的治国理念与公民人权意识的增强也使得我国领事保护工作具有重要现实意义,成为外事机构的重要职责。中国与美国历史上的情况较为相似,正是海外公民数量增多带来的频繁挑战使得美国不断推进领事保护工作。由于中国领事保护起步较晚,仍面临诸多问题与挑战,因此本文基于应急管理生命周期理论,对中美两国在海外突发事件应急管理预防期、准备期、应对处置期及善后恢复期四个阶段进行比较研究,揭示中国存在的不足,以期借鉴美国的经验,加强和改善中国的领事保护和应急管理工作。
As China implements the strategy of “going out”, especially under the major strategy of “Belt and Road”, more and more Chinese agencies and citizens are going abroad. At the same time, the risks facing overseas Chinese citizens are also increasing. The security issue has become increasingly prominent. It is important and urgent to strengthen the emergency management of overseas emergencies. “Diplomatic for the people ”, “Overseas livelihood ” The idea of running a country and the awareness of citizen rights also make consular protection work of our country have the important realistic meaning, become the important duty of the foreign affairs organization. The historical situation in China and the United States is quite similar. It is precisely the frequent challenges brought by the increasing number of overseas citizens that the United States has continuously promoted the consular protection. As China’s consular protection started late, it still faces many problems and challenges. Therefore, based on the emergency management life cycle theory, this paper analyzes the prevention, preparation, coping and rehabilitation of overseas emergency management in China and the United States four A comparative study to reveal the shortcomings in China in order to learn from the experience of the United States to strengthen and improve China’s consular protection and emergency management.